Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data (Statistics for Biology and Health)

Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow.

Computers & Technology

Lash, Timothy L.

Fox, Matthew P.

Fink, Aliza K.

Computer Science

Springer

The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with contributions from sixteen experts in a variety of epidemiologic sub-disciplines, this new edition is by far the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, including epidemiologic measures of occurrence and effect, study designs, validity, precision, statistical interference, and causal diagrams. Topics in data analysis range from Bayesian analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis, with an extensive overview of modern regression methods including logistic and survival regression, splines, hierarchical (multilevel) regression, propsensity scores and other scoring methods, and g-estimation. Special-topics chapters cover disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, and meta-analysis.

Modern Epidemiology

Science & Math

Rothman, Kenneth J.

Greenland, Sander

Biological Sciences

Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins

The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with contributions from sixteen experts in a variety of epidemiologic sub-disciplines, this new edition is by far the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, including epidemiologic measures of occurrence and effect, study designs, validity, precision, statistical interference, and causal diagrams. Topics in data analysis range from Bayesian analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis, with an extensive overview of modern regression methods including logistic and survival regression, splines, hierarchical (multilevel) regression, propsensity scores and other scoring methods, and g-estimation. Special-topics chapters cover disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, and meta-analysis. FEATURES: 
<ul>
<li>Comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of contemporary epidemiologic research</li>
<li>Addresses the methodologic issues crucial to the wide range of epidemiologic applications in public health and medicine</li>
<li>Major sections cover basic concepts, study design and conduct, data analysis, and special topics</li>
<li>Completely revised and updated to bring you the most updated information</li>
<li>New chapters cover causal modeling: Bayesian analysis, probabilistic bias analysis, social epidemiology, and use of secondary data</li>
<li>Includes online access to full text so you have access to the content anytime</li>
</ul>
 (Errata, July 2014)

Medical Books

Medicine

The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with contributions from sixteen experts in a variety of epidemiologic sub-disciplines, this new edition is by far the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research.The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, including epidemiologic measures of occurrence and effect, study designs, validity, precision, statistical interference, and causal diagrams. Topics in data analysis range from Bayesian analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis, with an extensive overview of modern regression methods including logistic and survival regression, splines, hierarchical (multilevel) regression, propsensity scores and other scoring methods, and g-estimation. Special-topics chapters cover disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, and meta-analysis.FEATURES:Comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of contemporary epidemiologic researchAddresses the methodologic issues crucial to the wide range of epidemiologic applications in public health and medicineMajor sections cover basic concepts, study design and conduct, data analysis, and special topicsCompletely revised and updated to bring you the most updated informationNew chapters cover causal modeling: Bayesian analysis, probabilistic bias analysis, social epidemiology, and use of secondary dataIncludes online access to full text so you have access to the content anytime(Errata, July 2014)

VanderWeele, Tyler J.

Haneuse, Sebastien

Product Description 
This textbook and guide focuses on methodologies for bias analysis in epidemiology and public health, not only providing updates to the first edition but also further developing methods and adding new advanced methods. 
As computational power available to analysts has improved and epidemiologic problems have become more advanced, missing data, Bayes, and empirical methods have become more commonly used. This new edition features updated examples throughout and adds coverage addressing:\nMeasurement error pertaining to continuous and polytomous variables 
Methods surrounding person-time (rate) data 
Bias analysis using missing data, empirical (likelihood), and Bayes methods\nA unique feature of this revision is its section on best practices for implementing, presenting, and interpreting bias analyses. Pedagogically, the text guides students and professionals through the planning stages of bias analysis, including the design of validation studies and the collection of validity data from other sources. Three chapters present methods for corrections to address selection bias, uncontrolled confounding, and measurement errors, and subsequent sections extend these methods to probabilistic bias analysis, missing data methods, likelihood-based approaches, Bayesian methods, and best practices.\nFrom the Back Cover 
This textbook and guide focuses on methodologies for bias analysis in epidemiology and public health, not only providing updates to the first edition but also further developing methods and adding new advanced methods. 
As computational power available to analysts has improved and epidemiologic problems have become more advanced, missing data, Bayes, and empirical methods have become more commonly used. This new edition features updated examples throughout and adds coverage addressing:\nMeasurement error pertaining to continuous and polytomous variables 
Methods surrounding person-time (rate) data 
Bias analysis using missing data, empirical (likelihood), and Bayes methods\nA unique feature of this revision is its section on best practices for implementing, presenting, and interpreting bias analyses. Pedagogically, the text guides students and professionals through the planning stages of bias analysis, including the design of validation studies and the collection of validity data from other sources. Three chapters present methods for corrections to address selection bias, uncontrolled confounding, and measurement errors, and subsequent sections extend these methods to probabilistic bias analysis, missing data methods, likelihood-based approaches, Bayesian methods, and best practices. 
 About the Author \nTimothy Lash, D.Sc., M.P.H., is professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Rollins School of Public Health and honorary professor of cancer epidemiology in the Department of Clinical Epidemiology at Aarhus University in Aarhus, Denmark. Dr. Lash is also past-President of the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) for the 2014-2015 term. His research focuses on predictors of cancer recurrence, including molecular predictors of treatment effectiveness and late recurrence, and he also researches methods and applications of quantitative bias analysis. \nMatthew Fox, D.Sc., M.P.H, is associate professor in the Center for Global Health & Development and in the Department of Epidemiology at Boston University. Before joining Boston University, he was a Peace Corps volunteer in the former Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. Dr. Fox is currently funded through a K award from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to work on ways to improve retention in HIV-care programs in South Africa from time of testing HIV-positive through long-term treatment. His research interests include treatment outcomes in HIV-treatment programs, infectious disease epidemiology, and epidemiological methods, including quantitative bias analysis. 
Richard MacLehose, Ph.D., is associate professo

MacLehose, Richard F.

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