When Hoovayya and Ramayya return from their studies in the city to their ancestral home, much has changed, throwing the even tenor of village life out of joint. The entry of Subbamma, the young wife of much-married Chandrayya Godwa into the House of Kanooru, sets in motion an irrevocable chain of events which signify the coming of age of a resolutely traditional society. In this book, the epic conflicts of a decaying feudal order are seen through a multiplicity of characters, and voices that refuse to be silenced. This is a ultimately a moving tribute by one of Kannada's greatest writers to the spirit of modernity.

House of Kanooru

Kuvempu

Literature & Fiction

India Penguin

Set in the stately, forest-clad hills of Malnad in the Western Ghats during the late nineteenth century, Bride in the Hills tells the love stories of young men and women aspiring for a life of freedom, dignity and fulfilment in marriage within a caste-ridden social order. Kuvempu's multi-centred text, with its organic weave of varied narrative strands, much like the Mahabharata, is epic in substance and style. The novel, which is rooted in the regional realities of Malnad, is yet another example of the diversity of modern Indian literature. Kuvempu (1904-94) chronicles the emergence of a vibrant and complex rural society caught between manipulative colonial norms and discriminatory native practices. Bringing in the distinct experiences of the Shudra lifeworld, he led Kannada literature to great heights with his profound and poetic writing. Kuvempu's cosmic vision of vishva manava (universal man), which transcends narrow, sectarian boundaries, constitutes a precious legacy in the ethical traditions of the world. This epic novel with the sweep of a Tolstoy classic enacts its mission statement: 'Here, nobody is important; nobody is unimportant; nothing is insignificant!' with brilliance, energy and imaginative power.

Bride in the Hills

Classics

India Penguin Modern Classics

Shri Ramayana Darshanam is the most famous work and the magnum opus by Kuvempu in Kannada based on the Hindu epic Ramayana. It earned him many distinctions including the Sahitya Akademi and the Jnanapeeth award in 1967. The theme is the well known story of Rama in Valmiki's Ramayana, transfigured in the poet's vision. The cardinal element of this vision, which the poet calls 'darshanam', is the poet's realization that all the creation is caused,parvaded, sustained and governed by the cosmic mind. Abounding in metaphors and Homeric similes, introduced by the poet himself for the first time in kannada, the epic bring home the truth that all beings, even the most wicked and sinful, are destined to evolve and ultimately attain perfection. Shri Ramayana darshanam is not just another version of Valmiki's story. Kuvempu's work amounts to an interprtative re-creation of the incidents, the characters and the philosophical, moral and spiritual ideas enshrined in Valmiki. Keeping in view the symbolic nature of his poem, the intent and import of his 'vision', and the zeitgeist, Kuvempu has made quite a number of modifications in the characters, major as well as minor. What is more he has invented a good many episodes and introduced some new characters in harmony with his conception of the significance of the epic. The 'Agni-pravesha' (The fire-ordeal) episode illustrates the above statement. At Sita's command, Lakshmana makes a pyre for her and Sita mounts it. It is at this point that Kuvempu makes a startling deviation from Valmiki. The moment Sita has offered herself as supreme oblation to Agni, Rama too rushes after her, and enters the blazing flames, much to the shock of all earthly spectators. In a moment, however, Rama comes out of the fire holding Sita's palm in his right hand, and the spectators get a glimpse of their divinity. By this sensational innovation Kuvempu has proclaimed the great principle of the supremacy of the law, and the equality of all before the law, not excepting the law-giver himself. What is more, if this 'Agni-pravesha' is intended to reveal to all the world the truth of Sita's chastity, it is also intended to reveal Rama's fidelity and love for Sita. It is a single integral, ecstatic symphony in 22284 lines, running into 684 pages in print. The poet was thirty two when he began and forty-one when he put down his pen to write this epic. The achivement is so grand and so disproportionate to the poet's young age that one can only be amazed by its consummate artistry and perfection. Every line is chiselled to attain an incremental harmony, hardly to be met with in his lyrics. It converts every situation into a wonderful sonal structure which perfectly echoes, the germ motif. It is not a series of Cantata, but a single orchestral piece. Every line is a variation of the relevant thematic rhythm. No one could have imagined that kannada language is capable of this complex musical quality. For the first time in this century was kannada made a language worthy of Gods. The translator S.M.Punekar (1928-2005) is a well known writer in Kannada and English.

Sri Ramayana Darshanam

Religion & Spirituality

Hinduism

Sahitya Akademi/New Delhi/India

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