Based on a wide variety of previously unstudied sources, these articles explain how science was applied to three aspects of Islamic ritual in the Middle Ages: the regulation of the lunar calendar; the organisation of the times of the five daily prayers; and the determination of the sacred direction (qibla) towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Simple procedures of folk astronomy were used by the scholars of religious law who determined popular practice; more complicated mathematical methods were provided by the scientists - and this proved a powerful incentive for the development of scientific analysis and research. Some of these procedures were to have far-reaching consequences. For example, the astronomical alignment of the Kaaba - known to various medieval writers, but long forgotten - led to the adoption of similar alignments for the qibla, and the final articles show how these were calculated, whether from astronomical observation or geographical computation, and their impact on the orientation of religious and secular architecture across the Islamic world. C’est Ã partir d’une grande diversité de sources inexplorées que ces articles expliquent comment la science avait été appliquée a trois aspects du rituel islamique au Moyen Age: la régulation du calendrier lunaire; l’organisation des heures assignées aux cinq prières quotidiennes; et l’établissement de la direction sacrée (qibla) vers la Kaaba de la Mecque. Des procédés simples d’astronomie populaire étaient utilisés par les érudits en droit religieux qui décidaient de la pratique populaire; des méthodes mathématiques plus complexes étaient offertes par les hommes de science - ce qui, en effet, s’avèra Ãªtre une motivation puissante dans le développement de l’analyse et de la recherche scientifique. Certains de ces procédés eurent des consequences d’une grande portée par la suite. L’alignement astronomique de la Kaaba - pour ne reprendre qu’un exemple connu

Astronomy in the Service of Islam (Variorum Collected Studies)

History

King, David A.

Africa

Routledge

This work surveys over 100 Yemeni astronomical manuscripts preserved in the libraries of Europe and the Near East. These sources attest to an active interest in mathematical astronomy in the Yemen from the 10th century to the early 20th century, and the writings of various Yemeni astronomers of the 13th and 14th centuries are particularly impressive. To the historian of Islamic science some of these works are of interest because they preserve earlier Iraqi and Egyptian astronomical sources which are no longer extant in their original form, and to the historian of Islamic institutions others are of interest because they cast new light on the astronomical orientation of the Kaba and on the early history of the institution of prayer in Islam.

Mathematical astronomy in medieval Yemen: A biobibliographical survey (Catalogs / American Research Center in Egypt)

Science & Math

Astronomy & Space Science

Undena Publications

From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E.S. Kennedy (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences)

New York Academy of Sciences

A LATE BABYLONIAN PROCEDURE TEXT FOR MARS; DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOLUTION TO THE EQUATION cx2; INTRODUCTION OF ARABIC STAR NAMES INTO EUROPE; CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN ARABIC MILITARY TREATISES; EARLY ISLAMIC TABLES; A FEW NOTES ON SUNDIALS; TOLEDAN TABLES; TABLES OF DECIMAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FROM 1450 TO CA 1550; SOLAR THEORY; THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC ASTRONOMY IN CHINA

From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E.S. Kennedy

History & Philosophy

The Egyptian National Library (Dab al-Kutub al-Misraya) contains a vast treasury of medieval manuscripts still largely untapped by modern scholarship. Among these are some 2,500 manuscripts relating to the exact sciences, mathematics, and astonomy, which constitute the largest single collection of medieval scientific manuscripts in the world.

A survey of the scientific manuscripts in the Egyptian National Library (Catalogs / American Research Center in Egypt)

Middle East

Eisenbrauns

A Survey of the Scientific Manuscripts in the Egyptian National Library (Catalogs American Research Center in Egypt, Vol 5)

Reference

Catalogue of the Scientific Manuscripts in the Egyptian National Library (American Research Center in Egypt Catalogs Series)

This is the fourth set of studies in the Variorum series by David King, a leading authority on the history of astronomy in Islamic civilization and on medieval astronomical instruments, European as well as Islamic. The first of the eleven studies collected here deals with medieval instruments in general, as precious historical sources. The following papers focus on individual astrolabes from the European Middle Ages and early Renaissance that are of singular historical importance. Two look at the origins of the simple universal horary quadrant and the complicated universal horary dial (navicula). The collection concludes with a list of all known medieval European astrolabes, ordered chronologically by region. Three "landmark" astrolabes are discussed: (1) the earliest known European astrolabe from 10th-century Catalonia, that milieu in which the astrolabe first became known to Europeans; (2) an astrolabe from 14th-century Picardy bearing numerals written in monastic ciphers as well as a later dedication mentioning two friends of Erasmus; (3) the splendid astrolabe presented in 1462 by the German astronomer Regiomontanus to his patron Cardinal Bessarion, with its enigmatic angel and Latin dedication, here presented in the context of other astrolabes of similar design from 15th-century Vienna.

Astrolabes from Medieval Europe (Variorum Collected Studies)

Europe

This book provides guidance on measures that should be considered to protect human lives from terrorist activities involving nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. It provides a historical summary of the development and use of these weapons, and continues with a detailed discussion of the types of radiation and warfare agents that are available, including methods for dispersing them. The text also analyzes human exposure to radiation or chemical and biological agents, along with treatment methods that are available to treat exposed individuals. The authors provide an exploratory look at emergency preparedness measures that can be enacted to mitigate future emergencies, including training techniques and strategies.

Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection

Tierno Jr., Philip M.

Byrnes, Mark E.

CRC-Press

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For anyone selling a business, this book is essential reading.

Selling Your Business: Begin With the End in Mind

Business & Money

Finance

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Books by King, David A.