It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer “ties that bind” and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of “justice among friends” versus “justice towards strangers” as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies.

Everyday Justice: Responsibility and the Individual in Japan and the United States (Revised)

Politics & Social Sciences

Hamilton, Lee V.

Social Sciences

Yale University Press

The Social Psychology of Group Identity and Social Conflict examines the far-reaching influence of Herbert C. Kelman, a psychologist who is both a scientist and a peacemaker. Kelman is renowned for his contributions to the study of social influence in social psychology as well as to international conflict resolution and the peace research movement. He developed the interactive problem solving method, which helped lay the groundwork for the 1993 Oslo agreement between Israel and the PLO. His work has profoundly affected the ways in which social psychologists think about the links between personal and national identity, between intragroup and intergroup processes and between individual behavior and the functioning of social systems. In this edited volume, distinguished scholars elaborate on Kelman's scholarship through the examination of their own theories and research. Their work explores the four areas that have defined Kelman's career: the ethics of social research, conformity and obedience, national identity and nationalism, and ethnic conflict resolution. The chapters consider the theoretical foundations of research on social influence and social conflict and the application of theory to issues of health, educational practices, organizational effectiveness, international peace, and the practice of conflict resolution. This provocative collection of essays illustrates the broad scope that Kelman's work encompasses and demonstrates that psychology can be a powerful tool for individual, organizational, and societal change.

The Social Psychology of Group Identity and Social Conflict: Theory, Application, and Practice (Decade of Behavior.)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Eagly, Alice H.

Hamilton, V. Lee

Baron, Reuben M.

Mental Health

Amer Psychological Assn

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Books by Hamilton, Lee V.