This book covers nearly three centuries of North and South American history, from 1763 through 1950. They include, the movement for independence of the late 18th and early 19th centuries: the growth of the American states that saw the end of many internal conflicts and political consolidation; the rapid economic development and other political economic, and intellectual changes closely related to the development of catpitalism in America; and the years from 1918-1950, which were characterized by significant social change, economic cataclysm, and wars.This book covers nearly three centuries of North and South American history, from 1763 through 1950. They include, the movement for independence of the late 18th and early 19th centuries: the growth of the American states that saw the end of many internal conflicts and political consolidation; the rapid economic development and other political economic, and intellectual changes closely related to the development of catpitalism in America; and the years from 1918-1950, which were characterized by significant social change, economic cataclysm, and wars.

The National Period in the History of the New World: An Outline and Commentary

History

Griffin, Charles C.

Americas

Praeger

This book is based on a simple concept: no one is in a better position to hold a government accountable than those it governs.
 When governments fail to meet the needs of their citizens, the international community often turns to large external organizations such as the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. These analysts and monitors may have the resources and expertise to analyze and advise on public spending and governance, but where do they go when the time comes to implement new policies? And can they really have a more nuanced understanding of the country's problems than its own citizens? Who is there to watch day and night to hold the government accountable?
 From the Ground Up proposes that the international community's efforts to improve public expenditure and budget execution decisions would be more effective if done in collaboration with local independent monitoring organizations. Stephen Kosack, Courtney Tolmie, and Charles Griffin track the work of sixteen independent monitoring organizations from across the developing world, demonstrating how these relatively small groups of local researchers produce both thoughtful analysis and workable solutions. They achieve these results because their vantage point allows them to more effectively discern problems with governance and to communicate with their fellow citizens about the ideals and methods of good governance.
 The authors also outline some disadvantages facing independent monitoring organizations, such as insufficient resources, inadequate access to data, and too little influence with high government officials. Collaboration with larger international organizations could help independent monitoring organizations overcome such obstacles, increasing their chances of improving governance—from the ground up.

From the Ground Up: Improving Government Performance with Independent Monitoring Organizations

Politics & Social Sciences

Kosack, Stephen

Tolmie, Courtney

Social Sciences

Brookings Institution Press

Because of its potential impact, and, in some cases, the harm it has brought, foreign aid is under the microscope. Donor countries, who don't want simply to give money away; recipient nations, who need to make the most of what they have and get; and analysts, policymakers, and writers are all scrutinizing how much is spent and where it goes. Perhaps more important, aid is only a small part of what developing country governments spend. Their own resources finance 80 percent or more of health and education spending except in the most aid-dependent countries. Lives in the Balance investigates a vital aspect of this landscape—how best to ensure that public spending, including aid money, gets to the right destination.The development of democratic institutions and the spread of cheap communications technology in developing countries make it possible for the "demand-side"—citizens and civil society institutions—to advocate for improved transparency, stronger accountability, better priorities, reduced corruption, and more emphasis on helping the poor. Securing real reform will depend not only on knowledge of how the recipient government operates, but also how to work with partner entities—the media, the private sector, other organizations, and legislators—to raise awareness and compel change.

Lives in the Balance: Improving Accountability for Public Spending in Developing Countries

Ferranti, David

Reference

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