In this long-awaited Third Edition of Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples, renowned valuation experts and authors Shannon Pratt and Roger Grabowski address the most controversial issues and problems in estimating the cost of capital. This authoritative book makes a timely and significant contribution to the business valuation body of knowledge and is an essential part of the expert's library.

Cost of Capital

Business & Money

Pratt, Shannon P.

Grabowski, Roger J.

Economics

wiley

Praise for Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition "This book is the most incisive and exhaustive treatment of this critical subject to date." —From the Foreword by Stephen P. Lamb, Esq., Partner, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton &amp; Garrison LLP, and former vice chancellor, Delaware Court of Chancery "Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition treats both the theory and the practical applications from the view of corporate management and investors. It contains in-depth guidance to assist corporate executives and their staffs in estimating cost of capital like no other book does. This book will serve corporate practitioners as a comprehensive reference book on this challenging topic in these most challenging economic times." —Robert L. Parkinson Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Office, Baxter International Inc., and former dean, School of Business Administration and Graduate School of Business, Loyola University of Chicago "Shannon Pratt and Roger Grabowski have consolidated information on both the theoretical framework and the practical applications needed by corporate executives and their staffs in estimating cost of capital in these ever-changing economic times. It provides guidance to assist corporate practitioners from the corporate management point of view. For example, the discussions on measuring debt capacity is especially timely in this changing credit market environment. The book serves corporate practitioners as a solid reference." —Franco Baseotto, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, Foster Wheeler AG "When computing the cost of capital for a firm, it can be fairly said that for every rule, there are a hundred exceptions. Shannon Pratt and Roger Grabowski should be credited with not only defining the basic rules that govern the computation of the cost of capital, but also a road map to navigate through the hundreds of exceptions. This belongs in every practitioner's collection of must-have valuation books." —Aswath Damodaran, Professor, Stern School of Business, New York University "Pratt and Grabowski have done it again. Just when you thought they couldn't possibly do a better job, they did. Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition is a terrific resource. It is without a doubt the most comprehensive book on this subject today. What really distinguishes this book from other such texts is the fact that it is easy to read—no small feat given the exhaustive and detailed research and complicated subject matter. This book makes you think hard about all the alternative views out there and helps move the valuation profession forward." —James R. Hitchner, CPA/ABV/CFF, ASA, Managing Director, Financial Valuation Advisors; CEO, Valuation Products and Services; Editor in Chief, Financial Valuation and Litigation Expert; and President, Financial Consulting Group "The Fourth Edition of Cost of Capital continues to be a 'one-stop shop' for background and current thinking on the development and uses of rates of return on capital. While it will have an appeal for a wide variety of constituents, it should serve as required reading and as a reference volume for students of finance and practitioners of business valuation. Readers will continue to find the volume to be a solid foundation for continued debate and research on the topic for many years to come." —Anthony V. Aaron, Americas Leader, Quality and Risk Management, Ernst &amp; Young Transaction Advisory Services

Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples

Accounting

Praise for Fourth Edition of Cost of Capital Workbook and Technical Supplement 
"Pratt and Grabowski went the extra mile to supplement their magnum opus by providing this Workbook and Technical Supplement. As a finance professor for many years, I know from experience that students and teachers really value supplements to textbooks. It allows the teacher to help the student to review and apply what was presented in the text, and the PowerPoints are a great service to teachers in course preparation. The website provides various worksheets that show the inner workings of the models. I enthusiastically recommend the Workbook and Technical Supplement to finance professors and teachers and their students. —Daniel L. McConaughy, PhD, ASA, Professor of Finance, California State University, Northridge, Valuation Services, Crowe Horwath LLP "The Workbook and Technical Supplement provides a detailed tutorial on understanding and executing the theoretical concepts explained in the Fourth Edition. This supplement is three books in one. Part One is a step-by-step tutorial on estimating certain key components of the cost of equity capital. Part Two provides a bridge between the theory and some practical applications, such as estimating the cost of capital for real property. Parts Three and Four allow the readers to test their comprehension of the concepts and identify areas for a review. It is almost as good as having Professors Pratt and Grabowski looking over your shoulder to ensure that one is both comprehending and correctly implementing the complex concepts.." —Ashok Abbott, PhD, Associate Professor of Finance, College of Business &amp; Economics, West Virginia University "This text provides the most comprehensive coverage of cost of capital issues that I have seen to date. Messrs. Pratt and Grabowski have created a very accessible and lucid treatment of what most would consider an opaque subject. The Fourth Edition is especially important for its new topics as well as expanded coverage of concepts from earlier editions. Of particular interest is the review of the extreme market conditions during the 2008–2009 crisis and the effect that the unprecedented volatility had on traditional cost of capital models. For years, Pratt and Grabowski's research has informed the business valuation curriculum of the American Society of Appraisers. This book will be added to our reading list, and thousands of students worldwide will benefit from the state?of?the?art content of the Fourth Edition and the companion Workbook and Technical Supplement. Furthermore, Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition should be a mandatory part of every valuation practitioner's library. If you buy this book, you can expect it to become well worn and remain on your desk within arm's length until the publication of the Fifth Edition." —John Barton, ASA, CPA, Chairman, Business Valuation Committee, ASA "Cost of capital is so much more complex than it used to be. With so many additional considerations regarding each variable of the cost of capital formula, this book is a must for anyone that needs to understand or develop a discount rate. Even the most experienced practitioner will benefit from the outstanding work of Pratt and Grabowski. This book has to become part of your library." —Gary R. Trugman, CPA/ABV, MCBA, ASA, MVS, President, Trugman Valuation Associates, Inc.

Cost of Capital: Workbook and Technical Supplement

Praise for Cost of Capital in Litigation: Applications and Examples "After revising their existing text, Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples, the authors have endeavored to expand their treatment of the subject and further explore the role of cost of capital in the courts. Addressing various methods for calculating value and different standards of value, the authors explain how courts may differ in their decisions based on the topic, jurisdiction, or available evidence. This new compilation is an important contribution to the field of valuation and will serve as an imminently helpful resource for attorneys and judges. Shannon Pratt and Roger Grabowski have provided yet another thoughtful, helpful, and excellent resource for all practitioners interested in how appraisers and courts have, and should, arrive at value."? —From the Foreword by David Laro, Judge, United States Tax Court "Cost of Capital in Litigation is a very helpful resource for litigators faced with valuation disputes involving an assessment of discounted cash flows. In the area with which I am most familiar—Delaware valuation law—it is thorough and insightful. More important to me, its introductory material nicely lays out the conceptual structure of the valuation issue, and the remaining chapters gather lots of information about the treatment of the issue in areas with which I am less familiar, (such as bankruptcy law and domestic property litigation)." —Lawrence A. Hamermesh, Ruby R. Vale Professor of Corporate and Business Law, Widener University School of Law, Wilmington, Delaware "Cost of Capital in Litigation comprehensively deals with a difficult subject, pointing out common grounds as well as differences among experts in the treatment of this subject. It is a must first stop for the uninitiated in the subject and the ultimate checklist that every practitioner should consult. Particularly useful are the chapters focusing with the eyes of experts on the treatment of cost of capital in specific areas of litigation. Notably, the authors alert the reader to those aspects of the various methods for determining cost of capital that may differentiate among the suitability of the methods based on available data, the circumstances presented, and the legal issue under consideration." —Reeves Westbrook, Esq., Partner and Chair of the Tax Group, Covington &amp; Burling LLP "Shannon Pratt and Roger Grabowski have consolidated information on important theoretical valuation frameworks, practical applications, and case law needed by finance professionals, attorneys, and judges in these challenging times. Cost of Capital in Litigation serves as a solid well-written reference on cost of capital and valuation that I recommend to both practitioners and students." —Theodore Barnhill, Professor of Finance and Director of the Global and Entrepreneurial Finance Research Institute, The George Washington University "Valuation in litigation settings requires careful analysis, solid evidence, and defensible positions. Cost of Capital in Litigation details the nuances and subtle but critical elements of crafting a defens-ible position for experts, attorneys, and others who need to understand how and why valuation cases are won and lost." —Hal Heaton, Professor of Finance, Marriott School of Management, Brigham Young University "Discount rates are often crucial components in calculating damages. Even small changes in these numbers can have large effects on the amounts in dispute—and the magnitude of damages won or lost. Cost of Capital in Litigation explains the underlying economic theory. It then offers separate chapters elaborating on rate of return approaches in their widely varied forensic contexts. This helpful compendium even includes an outline of cost of capital questions for use by attorneys and their financial experts. No business litigator should be without it." —Peter V. Baugher, Esq., Partner, Schopf &amp; Weiss LLP

Cost of Capital in Litigation: Applications and Examples

Finance

Praise for Fourth Edition of Cost of Capital Workbook and Technical SupplementPratt and Grabowski went the extra mile to supplement their magnum opus by providing this Workbook and Technical Supplement. As a finance professor for many years, I know from experience that students and teachers really value supplements to textbooks. It allows the teacher to help the student to review and apply what was presented in the text, and the PowerPoints are a great service to teachers in course preparation. The website provides various worksheets that show the inner workings of the models. I enthusiastically recommend the Workbook and Technical Supplement to finance professors and teachers and their students.--Daniel L. McConaughy, PhD, ASA, Professor of Finance, California State University, Northridge, Valuation Services, Crowe Horwath LLPThe Workbook and Technical Supplement provides a detailed tutorial on understanding and executing the theoretical concepts explained in the Fourth Edition. This supplement is three books in one. Part One is a step-by-step tutorial on estimating certain key components of the cost of equity capital. Part Two provides a bridge between the theory and some practical applications, such as estimating the cost of capital for real property. Parts Three and Four allow the readers to test their comprehension of the concepts and identify areas for a review. It is almost as good as having Professors Pratt and Grabowski looking over your shoulder to ensure that one is both comprehending and correctly implementing the complex concepts..--Ashok Abbott, PhD, Associate Professor of Finance, College of Business & Economics, West Virginia UniversityThis text provides the most comprehensive coverage of cost of capital issues that I have seen to date. Messrs. Pratt and Grabowski have created a very accessible and lucid treatment of what most would consider an opaque subject. The Fourth Edition is especially important for its new topics as well as expanded coverage of concepts from earlier editions. Of particular interest is the review of the extreme market conditions during the 2008-2009 crisis and the effect that the unprecedented volatility had on traditional cost of capital models. For years, Pratt and Grabowski's research has informed the business valuation curriculum of the American Society of Appraisers. This book will be added to our reading list, and thousands of students worldwide will benefit from the state?of?the?art content of the Fourth Edition and the companion Workbook and Technical Supplement. Furthermore, Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition should be a mandatory part of every valuation practitioner's library. If you buy this book, you can expect it to become well worn and remain on your desk within arm's length until the publication of the Fifth Edition.--John Barton, ASA, CPA, Chairman, Business Valuation Committee, ASACost of capital is so much more complex than it used to be. With so many additional considerations regarding each variable of the cost of capital formula, this book is a must for anyone that needs to understand or develop a discount rate. Even the most experienced practitioner will benefit from the outstanding work of Pratt and Grabowski. This book has to become part of your library.--Gary R. Trugman, CPA/ABV, MCBA, ASA, MVS, President, Trugman Valuation Associates, Inc.

Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples and Workbook Set

Cost of Capital , Fourth Edition and Financial Valuation, Third Edition Set

Hitchner, James R.

Mard, Michael J.

A one-stop shop for background and current thinking on the development and uses of rates of return on capital Completely revised for this highly anticipated fifth edition, Cost of Capital contains expanded materials on estimating the basic building blocks of the cost of equity capital, the risk-free rate, and equity risk premium. There is also discussion of the volatility created by the financial crisis in 2008, the subsequent recession and uncertain recovery, and how those events have fundamentally changed how we need to interpret the inputs to the models we use to develop these estimates. The book includes new case studies providing comprehensive discussion of cost of capital estimates for valuing a business and damages calculations for small and medium-sized businesses, cross-referenced to the chapters covering the theory and data. <ul>
<li>Addresses equity risk premium and the risk-free rate, including the impact of Federal Reserve actions</li> <li>Explores how to use Morningstar's Ibbotson and Duff Phelps Risk Premium Report data</li> <li>Discusses the global cost of capital estimation, including a new size study of European countries</li> </ul>
Cost of Capital, Fifth Edition puts an emphasis on practical application. To that end, this updated edition provides readers with exclusive access to a companion website filled with supplementary materials, allowing you to continue to learn in a hands-on fashion long after closing the book.

Cost of Capital, + Website: Applications and Examples (Wiley Finance)

The New Industry Standard in Business Valuation Reference Materials 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Guide to Cost of Capital provides the key annual valuation data previously published in (i) the now discontinued Morningstar/Ibbotson SBBI Valuation Yearbook (discontinued in 2013), and (ii) the Duff &amp; Phelps Risk Premium Report (no longer published as a stand-alone publication). The size premia data previously published in the SBBI Valuation Yearbook is referred to as the “CRSP Deciles Size Premia” exhibits in the new 2015 Valuation Handbook, while the size and risk premia data published in the Duff &amp; Phelps Risk Premium Report continues to be referred to as “Risk Premium Report” exhibits. The Risk Premium Report has been published annually since 1996 and, like the former SBBI Valuation Yearbook, provides data and methodology that can be used to develop cost of equity capital estimates using (i) the build-up method and (ii) the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The 2015 Valuation Handbook includes data through December 31, 2014, and is intended to be used for 2015 valuation dates. Don't Forget the Quarterly Updates <ul>
<li>IRPs and debt betas are updated quarterly with data through March, June, and September 2015, for a full year of coverage. Ensure that you are using the most up-to-date IRP and debt beta data available: add the Quarterly Updates and keep your data library current.</li> </ul>
For more information about Duff &amp; Phelps valuation data resources published by Wiley, please visit www.wiley.com/go/valuationhandbooks. Also Available <ul>
<li>2015 Valuation Handbook - Industry Cost of Capital</li> <li>2015 International Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital</li> </ul>
Key Features <ul>
<li>
Key cost of capital inputs: The 2015 Valuation Handbook provides the key inputs needed for developing the cost of equity capital (i.e. “discount rate) for use in estimating the value of a subject business, business ownership interest, security, or intangible asset. Inputs provided include: equity risk premia, size premia, risk premia over the risk free rate, full-information industry betas, industry risk premia, and risk-free yields.</li> <li>
Discussion of topics that come up most when performing valuation analysis: The 2015 Valuation Handbook includes straightforward discussions about: (i) valuation theory, (ii) the differences between the various cost of capital estimation models (build-up, CAPM, Fama-French), (iii) understanding the basic building blocks of cost of equity capital (the risk-free rate, the equity risk premium, the size premium, beta, the industry risk premium, the company-specific risk premium), (iv) whether to “normalize” risk-free rates or not, (v) a detailed comparison of the CRSP Deciles Size Premia Study (this is the former SBBI Valuation Yearbook data) and the Risk Premium Report Study, and more.</li> <li>
Easy-to-follow examples: The 2015 Valuation Handbook is packed with easy-to-understand examples for properly using the data to develop levered, unlevered, and even “high-financial-risk” cost of equity capital using various build-up methods and the CAPM (”).</li> </ul> Quarterly Updates are (i) optional, and (ii) not sold separately. Quarterly Updates are delivered in PDF format only.

2015 Valuation Handbook: Guide to Cost of Capital (Wiley Finance)

Nunes, Carla

Harrington, James P.

Duff & Phelps

The New Standard Source of International Cost of Capital Analysis The 2015 International Valuation Handbook – Guide to Cost of Capital provides data and methodology guidance that will enable the reader to assess risk and develop cost of capital estimates on a global scale, coupled with data exhibits that provide country-level country risk premia (CRPs), Relative Volatility (RV) factors, and equity risk premia (ERPs). The data exhibits can be used to estimate country-level cost of equity capital globally, for up to 188 countries, from the perspective of investors based in up to 55 different countries.* Don't Forget the Semi-annual Update The hardcover 2015 International Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital includes international cost of capital data updated December 2014 and March 2015. This critical analysis is updated in a Semi-annual Update with data through June and September 2015 for a full year's coverage. Ensure that you are using the most up-to-date international cost of capital data and information available: add the Semi-annual Update and keep your data library current. For more information about Duff &amp; Phelps valuation data resources published by Wiley, please visit www.wiley.com/go/valuationhandbooks. Also Available <ul>
<li>2015 International Valuation Handbook - Industry Cost of Capital</li> <li>2015 Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital</li> <li>2015 Valuation Handbook - Industry Cost of Capital</li> </ul>
Key Features <ul>
<li>
Country-level Country Risk Premia (CRPs) for up to 188 countries: The 2015 International Valuation Handbook – Guide to Cost of Capital provides country-level country risk premia for up to 188 countries globally, from the perspective of investors based in up to 55 different countries. CRPs are estimated using the following models: (i) Country Credit Rating Model, and (ii) Country Yield Spread Model. </li> <li>
Relative Volatility (RV) Factors for up to 69 countries: The 2015 International Valuation Handbook – Guide to Cost of Capital provides country-level relative volatility factors for up to 69 countries from the perspective of investors in the U.S. and Germany. Relative volatility factors are estimated using the Relative Standard Deviation Model. </li> <li>
Equity Risk Premia (ERPs) for 18 countries based in USD and “local” currency: The 2015 International Valuation Handbook – Guide to Cost of Capital provides long-horizon and short-horizon ERP data in USD and “local” currencies. Additional ERP resources include Pablo Fernandez’ survey of ERPs for a variety of counties.</li> </ul>
*Depending on the estimation model being employed, and data availability. Some models do not include estimates for all countries. The Semi-annual update is (i) optional, and (ii) not sold separately. The Semi-annual Update is delivered in PDF format only.

2015 International Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital (Wiley Finance)

The New Standard Source of Industry-level Analysis The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital includes cost of capital estimates (equity capital, debt capital, and weighted average cost of capital, or WACC) for over 200 U.S. industries, plus a host of detailed statistics that can be used for benchmarking purposes, Don't Forget the Quarterly Updates The hardcover 2015 Valuation Handbook - Industry Cost of Capital includes U.S. industry data updated through March 2015. This critical analysis is updated quarterly with data through June, September, and December. Ensure that you are using the most up-to-date data and information available: add the Quarterly Updates and keep your data library current. For more information about Duff &amp; Phelps valuation data resources published by Wiley, please visit www.wiley.com/go/valuationhandbooks. Also Available <ul>
<li>2015 Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital</li> <li>2015 International Valuation Handbook - Guide to Cost of Capital</li> <li>2015 International Valuation Handbook - Industry Cost of Capital</li> </ul>
Key Features <ul>
<li>Over 200 U.S. industries analyzed: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital provides comprehensive, detailed industry-level analyses that can be used for benchmarking purposes. Over 200 U.S. industries organized by standard industrial classification (SIC) code are presented. </li> <li>Up to 8 separate cost of equity and WACC estimates, plus cost of debt, by industry: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital provides cost of equity capital and WACC estimates for each industry using multiple estimation models (various build-up models, CAPM, CAPM adjusted for size, 1-stage and 3-stage discounted cash flow (DCF) models, and Fama-French multi-factor model). Cost of debt is also estimated for each industry.</li> <li>Industry and peer group betas: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital provides levered and unlevered beta estimates for each industry (e.g. ordinary-least squares (OLS) beta, sum beta, downside beta, etc.), plus peer group betas adjusted to the industry average based upon statistical quality.</li> <li>Additional industry statistics: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital provides detailed statistics for sales, market capitalization, capital structure, valuation (trading) multiples, financial and profitability ratios, equity returns, aggregate forward-looking earnings-per-share (EPS) growth rates, and more.</li> <li>Analysis of off-balance-sheet debt: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital includes a separate analysis of "off-balance-sheet" debt by industry (capitalized operating leases and unfunded pension liabilities),</li> <li>Analysis of high-financial-risk companies: The 2015 Valuation Handbook ‒ Industry Cost of Capital includes a separate analysis of "high-financial-risk" companies by industry.</li> </ul> Quarterly Updates are (i) optional, and (ii) not sold separately. Quarterly Updates are delivered in PDF format only.

2015 Valuation Handbook: Industry Cost of Capital (Wiley Finance)

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