Biological Essentialism addresses three main issues. The first concerns the essences (natures, identities) of biological taxa, particularly species. Kripke and other metaphysicians hold that these essences are (at least partly) intrinsic, underlying, probably largely genetic properties. This view, based largely on intuitions, is dismissed by the consensus in the philosophy of biology as being incompatible with Darwinism and reflecting ignorance of biology. Biological Essentalism argues that the demands of biological explanation show that the metaphysicians are right. The positive view of the consensus is that the essences are wholly relational: taxa must have certain histories. Biological Essentialism argues that there is indeed an historical component to the essence, but this component presupposes an intrinsic component. Its second issue concerns the essences of biological individuals. Metaphysicians have had much to say about this, again on the basis of intuitions. Many hold 
that an individual is essentially a member of its species. This has recently been unequivocally rejected by philosophers of biology. Biological Essentialism appeals to biological explanation again to argue for essential membership; furthermore, to argue for the Kripkean view that an organism's essence is partly intrinsic and partly relational (a matter of origin). Finally, the book addresses the lively contemporary issue of whether race is biologically “real”. From the perspective developed earlier, the book argues that there are indeed racial kinds, in some sense, that are “in the realm of the biological”. These kinds also have partly historical and partly intrinsic underlying essences.

Biological Essentialism

Politics & Social Sciences

Devitt, Michael

Philosophy

Oxford University Press

Ignorance of Language

The Chomskian revolution in linguistics gave rise to a new orthodoxy about mind and language. Michael Devitt throws down a provocative challenge to that orthodoxy. What is linguistics about? What role should linguistic intuitions play in constructing grammars? What is innate about language? Is there a "language faculty?" These questions are crucial to our developing understanding of ourselves; Michael Devitt offers refreshingly original answers.

Clarendon Press

The Chomskian revolution in linguistics gave rise to a new orthodoxy about mind and language. Michael Devitt throws down a provocative challenge to that orthodoxy. What is linguistics about? What role should linguistic intuitions play in constructing grammars? What is innate about language? Is there a "language faculty?" These questions are crucial to our developing understanding of ourselves; Michael Devitt offers refreshingly original answers. He argues that linguistics is about linguistic reality and is not part of psychology; that linguistic rules are not represented in the mind; that speakers are largely ignorant of their language; that speakers' intuitions do not reflect information supplied by the language faculty and are not the main evidence for grammars; that the rules of "Universal Grammar" are largely, if not entirely, innate structure rules of thought; indeed, that there is little or nothing to the language faculty. Devitt's controversial theses will prove highly stimulating to anyone working on language and the mind

Putting Metaphysics First: Essays on Metaphysics and Epistemology

The metaphysical part of this book is largely concerned with realism issues. Michael Devitt starts with realism about universals, dismissing Plato's notorious 'one over many' problem. Several chapters argue for a fairly uncompromisingly realist view of the external physical world of commonsense and science. Both the nonfactualism of moral noncognitivism and positivistic instrumentalism, and defl ationism about truth, are found to rest on an antirealism that is hard to characterize. A case is presented for moral realism. Various biological realisms are considered. Finally, an argument is presented for an unfashionable biological essentialism. The second part of the book is epistemological. Devitt argues against the a priori and for a Quinean naturalism. The intuitions that so dominate "armchair philosophy" are empirical not a priori.Throughout the book there is an emphasis on distinguishing metaphysical issues about what there is and what it's like from semantic issues about meaning, truth, and reference. Another central theme, captured in the title, is that we should "put metaphysics first". We should approach epistemology and semantics from a metaphysical perspective rather than vice versa. The epistemological turn in modern philosophy, and the linguistic turn in contemporary philosophy, were something of disasters.

Designation

Columbia Univ. Pr.

Language and Reality - 2nd Edition: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language

"Language and Reality" is an intermediate-level textbook for students in the philosophy of language both at beginning and advanced levels. It is unique in presenting a large range of work--the theory of meaning, the standard theory of transformational grammar, problems of linguistic competence and innateness, verificationism, structuralism, rational psychology, and many other concepts and issues--within a comprehensive framework. The authors' clear, lively, and argumentative approach and their method of structuring the material make this a useful text for students and professionals in literature, linguistics, anthropology, and cognitive science as well as in other branches of philosophy. 
 Although competing theories are given detailed discussion, the authors stake out a definite theoretical ground. Their perspective is naturalistic. This leads them, controversially, to a deflationary view of the significance of the study of language, a view that is opposed to a dominant trend in twentieth-century thought, represented in the work of such different thinkers as Rudolf Carnap, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Hilary Putnam, and Michael Dummett. They also favor the functionalist approach to the study of mind as represented in the work of Jerry Fodor, Daniel Dennett, William Lycan, and other creators of the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. And they accept and apply the insights of transformational generative grammar, while "remaining skeptical of its claims about psychological reality."

Reference

Sterelny, Kim

Words, Language & Grammar

Bradford Books

What is language? How does it relate to the world? How does it relate to the mind? Should our view of language influence our view of the world? These are among the central issues covered in this spirited and unusually clear introduction to the philosophy of language. Making no pretense of neutrality, Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny take a definite theoretical stance. Central to that stance is naturalism―that is, they treat a philosophical theory of language as an empirical theory like any other and see people as nothing but complex parts of the physical world. This leads them, controversially, to a deflationary view of the significance of the study of language: they dismiss the idea that the philosophy of language should be preeminent in philosophy. This highly successful textbook has been extensively rewritten for the second edition to reflect recent developments in the field.

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Mental Health

MIT Press]

Michael Devitt is a distinguished philosopher of language. In this new book he takes up issues in semantics. Three important questions lie at the core of this book: What are the main objectives of semantics? Why are they worthwhile? How should we accomplish them? Devitt answers these "methodological" questions naturalistically and explores what semantic program arises from the answers. The approach is anti-Cartesian, rejecting the idea that linguistic or conceptual competence yields any privileged access to meanings. Devitt argues for a truth-referential localism and in the process rejects direct-reference, two-factor, and verificationist theories. The book concludes by arguing against revisionism, eliminativism, and the idea that we should ascribe narrow meanings to explain behavior.

Coming to our Senses: A Naturalistic Program for Semantic Localism (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy)

Cambridge University Press

Michael Devitt is a distinguished philosopher of language. In this new book he takes up issues in semantics. Three important questions lie at the core of this book: What are the main objectives of semantics? Why are they worthwhile? How should we accomplish them? Devitt answers these "methodological" questions naturalistically and explores what semantic program arises from the answers. The approach is anti-Cartesian, rejecting the idea that linguistic or conceptual competence yields any privileged access to meanings. Devitt argues for a truth-referential localism and in the process rejects direct-reference, two-factor, and verificationist theories. The book concludes by arguing against revisionism, eliminativism, and the idea that we should ascribe narrow meanings to explain behavior.

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Devitt, Michael. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Devitt, Michael

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Devitt, Michael. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Biological Essentialism

Ignorance of Language

Ignorance of Language

Putting Metaphysics First: Essays on Metaphysics and Epistemology

Putting Metaphysics First: Essays on Metaphysics and Epistemology

Designation

Language and Reality - 2nd Edition: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language

Language and Reality - 2nd Edition: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language

Coming to our Senses: A Naturalistic Program for Semantic Localism (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy)

Coming to our Senses: A Naturalistic Program for Semantic Localism (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy)