The Lure of Peru: Maritime Intrusion Into the South Sea, 1598-1701

History

Bradley, Peter T

Americas

Macmillan

Spanish: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars)

Spanish: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to the most important aspects of Spanish. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language that combines traditional and function-based grammar. The book sets out the complexities of Spanish in short, readable sections, and explanations are clear and free from jargon. The Grammar is the ideal reference source for the learner and user of Spanish. It is suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Features include: * clear distinctions between the essential and basic aspects of Spanish grammar and those that are more complex * full use of authentic examples * easy to understand explanations of areas that customarily pose problems for English speakers * detailed contents list and index for easy access to information.

Politics & Social Sciences

MacKenzie, Ian

Social Sciences

Routledge

Reference

Foreign Language Study & Reference

Bradley (Latin American studies, U. of Newcastle upon Tyne) pulls together the threads of much of his previous work and extends it chronologically and geographically to provide a broad survey of British maritime activities in the New World and beyond from the first Bristol voyages of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th. He approaches the task geographically, with sections on the West Indies, which includes the Spanish Main of Venezuela and Columbia and the Caribbean shores of Central America; the Atlantic fringes of North America from Florida to the Arctic; and the South Atlantic and South Sea (Pacific) coasts of North and South America from Guiana through the southern straits or around the Horn to the Gulf of Panama and the west coast of North America. His primary concern is with the multiple motives and action patterns of those who commanded and participated in the expanding scope of seaborne ventures to the Americas, and the immediate -- rather than ultimate -- consequences of their intervention. The text is double spaced.

British Maritime Enterprise in the New World: From the Late Fifteenth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century (Studies in British History)

Travel

Edwin Mellen Pr

The reception of the "discovery", conquest and colonization of Spanish America spawned a rich imaginative literature. The case studies presented in this book represent two distinct types of imagining by two diametrically different groups: literate, and in some cases erudite Europeans, and a vanquished native nobility. The former endeavored to make sense of Spain’s (and Portugal’s) "marvellous possessions" in the New World with the limited conceptual tools at their disposal, the latter to construct a colonial identity based on their shared ancestral memory while incorporating elements from the even more wondrous Hispanic culture that had overwhelmed them.

Habsburg Peru: Images, Imagination and Memory (Liverpool Latin American Studies, 2) (Volume 2)

Literature & Fiction

Cahill, David

History & Criticism

Liverpool University Press

Spanish: An Essential Grammar

A history of European expeditions to Peru beginning with the arrival of the Dutch in the late 16th century and discussing the subsequent English and French adventurers up until 1701.

The Lure of Peru: Maritime Intrusion into the South Sea, 1598–1701

PALGRAVE~MACMILLAN

A study of how the coast and commerce of the Viceroyalty of Peru, from Chile to Ecuador, was defended against foreign intruders from the time of Francis Drake (1579) to the early 18th-c. The Armada del Mar del Sur carried silver to Panama, but also patrolled coastlines, offered protection to ports, and challenged interlopers. The dimensions, traits and guns of its vessels are studied, and its reliance on local expertise, manpower, and private investment in place of support from the Spanish crown. On land the book studies the construction and arming of fortifications at Callao, Guayaquil, Trujillo, and Valdivia, private initiatives at Arica, Pisco and Paita, the creation of the paid Callao presidio, and the formation and training of local militias in Lima. These processes are set against royal refusals to tolerate lower silver shipments from Peru to Spain caused by higher defence costs, and the strengthening of a local, Peruvian identity through military self-reliance in defence of local and royal interests.

Spain and the Defence of Peru, 1579-1700

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