The U.S. corporate income tax - and in particular the double taxation of corporate income - has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as we know it today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. Professor Steven A. Bank explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.

From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present

Business & Money

Bank, Steven A.

Economics

Oxford University Press

The UK and the USA have historically represented opposite ends of the spectrum in their approaches to taxing corporate income. Under the British approach, corporate and shareholder income taxes have been integrated under an imputation system, with tax paid at the corporate level imputed to shareholders through a full or partial credit against dividends received. Under the American approach, by contrast, corporate and shareholder income taxes have remained separate under what is called a 'classical' system in which shareholders receive little or no relief from a second layer of taxes on dividends. Steven A. Bank explores the evolution of the corporate income tax systems in each country during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to understand the common legal, economic, political and cultural forces that produced such divergent approaches and explains why convergence may be likely in the future as each country grapples with corporate taxation in an era of globalization.

Anglo-American Corporate Taxation: Tracing the Common Roots of Divergent Approaches (Cambridge Tax Law Series)

Legal History

Cambridge University Press

This book does not deal solely with judicial opinions. In the field of business taxation, many of the most significant developments are not cases, and certainly not Supreme Court cases, but rather legislative and administrative changes and transactional innovations. Business Tax Stories includes chapters on several landmark cases; however, it also surveys many of the critical developments in the history of U.S. corporate and partnership taxation. Taken as a whole, this title is organized to serve as a history of business taxation over the last century.

Business Tax Stories: An In Depth Look at the Ten Leading Corporate and Partnership Tax Cases (Law Stories)

Stark, Kirk J.

Tax Law

Foundation Press

This set of selected statutes and regulations offers maximum flexibility and ease of use for law school courses in corporate, partnership, and business enterprise taxation.

Corporate and Partnership Income Tax Code and Regulations, 2011-2012 (Selected Sections)

Business

Foundation Pr

This best-selling statutory supplement provides selected federal income tax statutes, including edited sections and significant amendments, additions, and revisions. Designed to offer maximum flexibility and ease-of-use in dealing with individual federal income tax, this resource examines fundamental procedures and administration involved in the Code, and regulations governing federal income tax. Explains basic and complex tax provisions in a clear and succinct manner, discussing such issues as liability, taxable income, contributions, special limitations, penalties, definitions, judicial proceedings, and the application of internal revenue laws. It is a complilation of important tax forms including the Internal Revenue Code. The closely edited material is especially designed for the law student studing the basic federal income tax class.

Federal Income Tax Code and Regulations 2011-2012: Selected Sections

Designed to offer maximum flexibility and ease-of-use for law school courses in corporate, partnership, and business enterprise taxation, this statutory supplement includes key provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations pertaining to the federal income taxation of corporations, partnerships, and other business entities. Updated annually, it accounts for recent legislative and regulatory developments.

Selected Sections Corporate and Partnership Income Tax Code and Regulations, 2018-2019 (Selected Statutes)

This statutory supplement contains key provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations pertaining to federal income taxation. It is designed to offer maximum flexibility and ease-of-use for law school courses. Updated annually, it accounts for recent legislative and regulatory developments, including relevant changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This edition is current through May 31, 2018.

Selected Sections Federal Income Tax Code and Regulations, 2018-2019 (Selected Statutes)

Receive complimentary lifetime digital access to the eBook with new print purchase. Designed to offer maximum flexibility and ease-of-use for law school courses in corporate, partnership, and business enterprise taxation, this statutory supplement includes key provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations pertaining to the federal income taxation of corporations, partnerships, and other business entities. Updated annually, it accounts for recent legislative and regulatory developments.

Selected Sections Corporate and Partnership Income Tax Code and Regulations, 2019-2020 (Selected Statutes)

Kirk J. Stark, Kirk J.

Receive complimentary lifetime digital access to the eBook with new print purchase. This statutory supplement contains key provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations pertaining to federal income taxation. It is designed to offer maximum flexibility and ease-of-use for law school courses. Updated annually, it accounts for recent legislative and regulatory developments. This edition is current through May 31, 2019.

Selected Sections Federal Income Tax Code and Regulations, 2019-2020 (Selected Statutes)

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