<p>Results of preliminary studies have shown that with standardization, molecular tools can be used to differentiate the human infective Cryptosporidium species/genotypes in water from those that do not infect humans, and to track oocyst contamination to humans or specific groups of farm and wild animals. Such data would be necessary for accurate risk assessment, and for scientific management and protection of source water and watersheds. Specific products from this project include an extensive review of literature on genotyping of Cryptosporidium in water, the development of procedures for direct extraction of PCR-quality DNA from water concentrates for use in the analysis of multiple pathogens, the determination of an appropriate molecular tool (a SSU rRNA-based PCR-RFLP analysis) in the analysis of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples, the establishment of a set of procedures that ensure accurate acquisition, interpretation and reporting of genotyping data, better abilities to assess the public health importance and contamination sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water, and preliminary data on the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in water.</p>

Development and Standardization of a Cryptosporidium Genotyping Tool for Water Samples: Awwarf Report 91108f

Science & Math

American Water Works Association Researc

Earth Sciences

Iwa Pub

<p>Health risks from infrastructure failures are not well understood, despite the potential widespread introduction of chemical, microbial, and physical contaminants, as well as service disruptions. Public health effects due to distribution infrastructure failures are the concern and responsibility of the local water utility, the health department, community medical care providers, and in special circumstances, emergency first response agencies. While the water utility is responsible for safe water, including the operation and maintenance of distribution infrastructure, other agencies including public health regulators, medical practitioners, and first responders (e.g., police, fire, others) also play a pivotal and active role when dealing with the impacts of infrastructure failures on the community. All agencies involved with some aspect of public health protection from infrastructure failures acknowledged that the true extent of health effects, while not yet well known or characterized, required a collaborative, interagency approach. The study identified methods to develop future collaborative efforts, which included improved understanding of the relationships and outcomes between infrastructure failure events and measured health outcomes, as well as the need to develop improved tools for the detection and monitoring of these events and community effects. This includes the need to develop/refine collaboration for interagency surveillance, response, and mitigation efforts for infrastructure failures. The study identified ways to improve interagency communication as well as potential opportunities for cross-training to improve understanding between stakeholders and to develop better collaborative relationships and programs.</p>

Estimating Health Risks from Infrastructure Failures: Awwarf Report 91125f

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Books by American Water Works Association Researc

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by American Water Works Association Researc. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Development and Standardization of a Cryptosporidium Genotyping Tool for Water Samples: Awwarf Report 91108f

Estimating Health Risks from Infrastructure Failures: Awwarf Report 91125f