This book deals with a class of mathematical problems which involve the minimization of the sum of a volume and a surface energy and have lately been referred to as 'free discontinuity problems'. The aim of this book is twofold: The first three chapters present all the basic prerequisites for the treatment of free discontinuity and other variational problems in a systematic, general, and self-contained way. In the later chapters, the reader is introduced to the theory of free discontinuity problems, to the space of special functions of bounded variation, and is presented with a detailed analysis of the Mumford-Shah image segmentation problem. Existence, regularity and qualitative properties of solutions are explained and a survey is given on the current knowledge of this challenging mathematical problem. The theory embodies classical problems, e.g. related to phase transitions, or fracture and plasticity in continuum mechanics, as well as more recent ones like edge detection in image analysis. This book provides the reader with a solid introduction to the field, written by principle contributors to the theory.

Functions of Bounded Variation and Free Discontinuity Problems (Oxford Mathematical Monographs)

Reference

Ambrosio, Luigi

Fusco, Nicola

Pallara, Diego

Words, Language & Grammar

Oxford University Press

This book presents the main mathematical prerequisites for analysis in metric spaces. It covers abstract measure theory, Hausdorff measures, Lipschitz functions, covering theorums, lower semicontinuity of the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure, Sobolev spaces of maps between metric spaces, and Gromov-Hausdorff theory, all developed ina general metric setting. The existence of geodesics (and more generally of minimal Steiner connections) is discussed on general metric spaces and as an application of the Gromov-Hausdorff theory, even in some cases when the ambient space is not locally compact. A brief and very general description of the theory of integration with respect to non-decreasing set functions is presented following the Di Giorgi method of using the 'cavalieri' formula as the definition of the integral. Based on lecture notes from Scuola Normale, this book presents the main mathematical prerequisites for analysis in metric spaces. Supplemented with exercises of varying difficulty it is ideal for a graduate-level short course for applied mathematicians and engineers.

Topics on Analysis in Metric Spaces (Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and Its Applications)

Science & Math

Tilli, Paolo

Mathematics

Review “This book is particularly suited for students who desire to learn from a text which closely follows the organization of a course, as well as for researchers and professors looking for inspiration for their own lecturers on the topic. … The exposition is clear and mostly self-contained, with a nice list of examples that show the necessity of the assumptions of some classical results of the theory.” (Nicolò De Ponti, zbMATH 1485.49001, 2022)“This book is very well written and will be accessible to graduate students without background on optimal transport … . All in all, this textbook is recommended to graduate students and researchers who want to discover the fundamental theory of optimal transport and its ramifications to several areas of mathematics. It can also easily be used by professors who want to teach a graduate course on the topic.” (Hugo Lavenant, Mathematical Reviews, June, 2022) Product Description This textbook is addressed to PhD or senior undergraduate students in mathematics, with interests in analysis, calculus of variations, probability and optimal transport. It originated from the teaching experience of the first author in the Scuola Normale Superiore, where a course on optimal transport and its applications has been given many times during the last 20 years. The topics and the tools were chosen at a sufficiently general and advanced level so that the student or scholar interested in a more specific theme would gain from the book the necessary background to explore it. After a large and detailed introduction to classical theory, more specific attention is devoted to applications to geometric and functional inequalities and to partial differential equations. From the Back Cover This textbook is addressed to PhD or senior undergraduate students in mathematics, with interests in analysis, calculus of variations, probability and optimal transport. It originated from the teaching experience of the first author in the Scuola Normale Superiore, where a course on optimal transport and its applications has been given many times during the last 20 years. The topics and the tools were chosen at a sufficiently general and advanced level so that the student or scholar interested in a more specific theme would gain from the book the necessary background to explore it. After a large and detailed introduction to classical theory, more specific attention is devoted to applications to geometric and functional inequalities and to partial differential equations. About the Author Prof. Luigi Ambrosio is a Professor of Mathematical Analysis, a former student of the Scuola Normale Superiore and presently its Director. His research interests include calculus of variations, geometric measure theory, optimal transport and analysis in metric spaces. For his scientific achievements, he has been awarded several prizes, in particular the Fermat prize in 2003 and the Balzan Prize in 2019.Dr. Elia Brué is a postdoctoral member at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton. He earned his PhD degree at the Scuola Normale Superiore in 2020. His research interests include geometric measure theory, optimal transport, non-smooth geometry and PDE. Dr. Daniele Semola is a postdoctoral research assistant at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Oxford. He was a student in Mathematics at the Scuola Normale Superiore, where he earned his PhD degree in 2020. His research interests lie at the interface between geometric analysis and analysis on metric spaces, mainly with a focus on lower curvature bounds.

Lectures on Optimal Transport (UNITEXT, 130)

Brué, Elia

Semola, Daniele

Springer

Lectures on Optimal Transport (UNITEXT, 169)

Interfaces are geometrical objects modelling free or moving boundaries and arise in a wide range of phase change problems in physical and biological sciences, particularly in material technology and in dynamics of patterns. Especially in the end of last century, the study of evolving interfaces in a number of applied fields becomes increasingly important, so that the possibility of describing their dynamics through suitable mathematical models became one of the most challenging and interdisciplinary problems in applied mathematics. The 2000 Madeira school reported on mathematical advances in some theoretical, modelling and numerical issues concerned with dynamics of interfaces and free boundaries. Specifically, the five courses dealt with an assessment of recent results on the optimal transportation problem, the numerical approximation of moving fronts evolving by mean curvature, the dynamics of patterns and interfaces in some reaction-diffusion systems with chemical-biological applications, evolutionary free boundary problems of parabolic type or for Navier-Stokes equations, and a variational approach to evolution problems for the Ginzburg-Landau functional.

Mathematical Aspects of Evolving Interfaces: Lectures given at the C.I.M.-C.I.M.E. joint Euro-Summer School held in Madeira Funchal, Portugal, July 3-9, 2000 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1812)

Deckelnick, Klaus

Dziuk, Gerhard

Mimura, Masayasu

Solonnikov, Vsvolod

Soner, Halil Mete

Leading researchers in the field of Optimal Transportation, with different views and perspectives, contribute to this Summer School volume: Monge-Ampère and Monge-Kantorovich theory, shape optimization and mass transportation are linked, among others, to applications in fluid mechanics granular material physics and statistical mechanics, emphasizing the attractiveness of the subject from both a theoretical and applied point of view. The volume is designed to become a guide to researchers willing to enter into this challenging and useful theory.

Optimal Transportation and Applications: Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Martina Franca, Italy, September 2–8, 2001 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1813)

Computers & Technology

Programming Languages

At the summer school in Pisa in September 1996, Luigi Ambrosio and Norman Dancer each gave a course on the geometric problem of evolution of a surface by mean curvature, and degree theory with applications to PDEs respectively. This self-contained presentation accessible to PhD students bridged the gap between standard courses and advanced research on these topics. The resulting book is divided accordingly into 2 parts, and neatly illustrates the 2-way interaction of problems and methods. Each of the courses is augmented and complemented by additional short chapters by other authors describing current research problems and results.

Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations: Topics on Geometrical Evolution Problems and Degree Theory (Universitext)

Dancer, Norman

With a historical overview by Elvira Mascolo

Calculus of Variations and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy, June 27 - July 2, 2005 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1927)

The theory of nonlinear hyperbolic equations in several space dimensions has recently obtained remarkable achievements. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of the status and perspectives of two areas of research in PDEs, related to hyperbolic conservation laws. The captivating volume contains surveys of recent deep results and provides an overview of further developments and related open problems. Readers should have basic knowledge of PDE and measure theory.

Transport Equations and Multi-D Hyperbolic Conservation Laws (Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, 5)

In recent years flows in networks have attracted the interest of many researchers from different areas, e.g. applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, economists. The main reason for this ubiquity is the wide and diverse range of applications, such as vehicular traffic, supply chains, blood flow, irrigation channels, data networks and others. This book presents an extensive set of notes by world leaders on the main mathematical techniques used to address such problems, together with investigations into specific applications. The main focus is on partial differential equations in networks, but ordinary differential equations and optimal transport are also included. Moreover, the modeling is completed by analysis, numerics, control and optimization of flows in networks. The book will be a valuable resource for every researcher or student interested in the subject.

Modelling and Optimisation of Flows on Networks: Cetraro, Italy 2009, Editors: Benedetto Piccoli, Michel Rascle (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 2062)

Bressan, Alberto

Helbing, Dirk

Zuazua, Enrique

Klar, Axel

Computer Science

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