“Silent Warriors: The Naval Security Group Reserve, 1945-2005, recounts a unique and untold story, that of Naval Reserve (NR) cryptologists — the professional term for codebreakers and codemakers. This has always been a small and select community, one little known to outsiders, and even less understood. Cryptologists have long constituted the most secretive fraternity in America’s armed forces, and Naval Reservists permitted to enter the cryptologic ranks set sail on a journey that placed them apart from the rest of the Naval Reserve, and far apart from their civilian lives. For six decades, through the Cold War and into the age of terrorism, Naval Reserve cryptologists have stood the watch for the Navy and the nation. Yet the highly secretive nature of their work has rendered their service in defense of freedom almost unknown to the public. This volume aims to fill this knowledge gap by telling their story. The Naval Security Group Reserve is an exclusive club with tight lips, and few of its exploits are discussed openly. This work cannot tell the full story — that will have to wait decades until archives are opened and top secret operations are declassified — yet it strives to illuminate what it can, and render an account of Naval Reserve cryptology and its sailors that will be accurate and accessible to all who served in silence. A great many Naval Reserve shipmates helped with the production of this work, and without the contributions of Naval Security Group Reserve personnel, past and present, this volume would not have been possible.

Silent Warriors: The Naval Security Group Reserve, 1945-2005

History

Agency, National Security

Military

CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

For historians and many members of the informed public, the Japanese attack on Hawaii provoked “the never-ending story.” Multiple official investigations and private historical inquiries into the attack and its background have generated enormous stocks of information about both the American and Japanese sides. It may well be that we know as much about December 7, 1941, as we do about any event in the last century, the Kennedy assassination possibly excepted. However, even with this virtual mountain chain of data, information gaps still exist, and many important questions remain under discussion or debate. The discussions and debates are not simply the province of conspiracy buffs. Academics and other researchers interested in World War II have a serious stake in settling the issues of the U.S.-Japan conflict; definite answers to many of the controversies would either confirm or refute theories of the war’s origins and its meaning. This assemblage of documents, supplemented by the author’s clear guide to their meaning, places the reader, as it were, right in the middle of the behind-the-scenes events and helps the scholar and researcher to follow them closely.

West Wind Clear: Cryptology and the Winds Message Controversy - A Documentary History

Hanyok, Robert J.

Mowry, David P.

The cryptanalysts working for the Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) of the U.S. Army knew how crucial it was to decipher and read Japanese secret messages. But this new code, “Purple,” wasn’t breaking. For eighteen months the team struggled with this difficult Japanese diplomatic code. Then, one day in September 1940, Genevieve Grotjan made a discovery that would change the course of history. By analyzing and studying the intercepted coded messages, she found a correlation that no one else had yet detected. This breakthrough enabled other cryptanalysts to find similar links. Shortly thereafter, SIS, long with the U.S. Navy, built a “Purple” analog machine to decode the Japanese diplomatic messages. Genevieve Grotjan’s contribution to the Allied victory cannot be measured. Nor can the contributions of the thousands of women serving their country through the field of cryptography. Like Genevieve, many women working in cryptology during World War II were civilians, thousands of others were in the military. Women who joined the military relieved men working in noncombat positions. These men were desperately needed to fight the battles oversees.

Sharing the Burden: Women in Cryptology during World War II

The origins of this book were in the cryptologic equivalent of an urban legend and a couple of photographs. During research on the early days of NSA, historians at the Center for Cryptologic History (CCH) learned of the employment of African-Americans at the Agency in the period after World War II. Occasionally, in informal conversations with former NSA seniors, the subject of minority history would come up, and CCH historians collected anecdotes about segregated offices in the early days. It became apparent that the employment of African-Americans came even earlier than previously thought. No information, however, confirmed any contribution by African-Americans during the world war. In early 1996, the History Center received as a donation a book of rather monotonous photographs of civilian employees at one of NSA's predecessors receiving citations for important contributions. Out of several hundred photographs, only two included African-Americans - an employee receiving an award from Colonel Preston Corderman (reproduced on page 14) and the same employee posing with his family. Although undated, the matrix of the photograph indicated it had been taken in 1945 or early 1946. This made it likely the person was receiving an award for wartime contributions. It therefore became a high priority in the History Center to investigate the story behind this photograph and learn the truth behind the unconnected anecdotes about African-Americans in the early days of the cryptologic organization. In 1998 it became possible to hire a few additional historians for a year to supplement the History Center's permanent staff. Ms. Jeannette Williams applied to research the early history of African-Americans in cryptology. Assisted by Ms. Yolande Dickerson, Ms. Williams undertook an exhaustive search of the cryptologic archives and recovered the basic story of the segregated cryptologic organizations - including the previously unknown existence of a large office of African-Americans in World War II. The basic facts about this unit preserved in official records, however, shed little light on the social milieu of the time or the eventual movement of African-Americans into the cryptologic mainstream. Compiling - and constantly expanding - a list of names of African-Americans who worked in the early days of NSA and its predecessor organizations, they conducted an exceedingly vigorous program of oral history interviews. These interviews personalized the stark facts found in the documents. In fact, this monograph rescues an important historical story that might otherwise have been lost. It should also be noted that this was a last-minute rescue. Several important figures had already passed away by the time the research for this book began, and several more have passed away between the time of their interviews and the publication of this book. The story that the author tells is by turns infuriating and inspiring. But it needs to be faced squarely from both these aspects. I recommend The Invisible Cryptologists: African-Americans, WWII to 1956 as essential reading for all who are interested in the early days of cryptology, all who are interested in the social history of NSA and its predecessors, and all who are interested in the history of American race relations. For further background on cryptologic activities during World War II and the early days of NSA, readers are encouraged to refer to A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence during World War II: Policy and Administration by Robert L. Benson and The Origins of the National Security Agency by Thomas L. Burns (forthcoming).

The Invisible Cryptologists: African-Americans, WWII to 1956: Series V: The Early Postwar Period, 1945-1952, Volume 5

Williams, Jeannette

Dickerson, Yolande

History, Center for Cryptologic

Office, Central Security

The grimmest part of the World War II was the Holocaust. Following the war, a number of histories, memoirs, and specialized studies about the Holocaust were published. One element that was largely missing, however, was the records of the various Western intelligence agencies, such as the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Britain’s M.I.6. Also absent was the intelligence gathers by wartime Allies communications intelligence (COMINT) agencies. Beginning in the mid-1970’s, scholars of the Holocaust who had wanted to utilize the archived material of the wartime code-breaking agencies focused their research on records at the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and the United Kingdom’s Public Record Office. It was not until a number of further significant releases of information and wartime records that the amount of information made available to researchers of the Holocaust dramatically increased. This guide focuses on the two major COMINT agencies that produced intelligence about the war the British GC&CS and the U.S. Army’s SIS.

Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945

Declassification of UFO documents began at the country level with the United Kingdom in 2008. Russia, Ecuador, the United States, France, Denmark, Brazil, Sweden, Canada and many other countries followed that decision during 2009 making public all of the material they had in their possession. Volume 1 of the Blue Book includes all of the documents made available to the public from the United States National Security Agency. This book includes all of the complete documents exactly as they were released by the government with no omissions or additions. Included Documents and Features: National Security Agency FOIA Civil Action Documents 1. * In Camera Affidavit of Eugene F. Yeates - Citizens Against Unidentified Flying Objects Secrecy v. NSA (Civil Action No. 80-1562) 2. * Communications Intelligence (COMINT) reports 3. * Affidavit of Eugene F. Yeates - Citizens Against Unidentified Flying Objects Secrecy v. NSA (Civil Action No. 80-1562) 4. “U.F.O. Files: The Untold Story” by Patrick Huyghe 5. “Govt.’s Super-Secret Security Agency Warns: Take UFOs Seriously or Be Prepared for Sneak Invasion by Space Aliens” by Thomas L. Muldoon, National Enquirer 6. “The U.S. Government and the Iran Case”- IUR Report 7. “Report of U.F.O. Crash in ‘47 Called False by Science Panel”- The New York Times 8. “What the U.S. Government Knows About UnidentifiedFlying Objects” by Peter Gersten, Frontiers of Science 9. “Is the CIA Stonewalling?” by Richard Hall 10. “The Government and UFOs” 11. “UFO As Advanced Technology” 12. “French Government UFO Study” 13. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) report - “XXXXX Unidentified Flying Objects” 14. COMNAVSECGRU visual sighting report 15. “Report Bibliography” issued by the Defense Documentation Center 16. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t” by Captain Henry S. Shields, HQ USAFE/INOMP 17. Joint Chiefs of Staff report concerning the sighting of a UFO in Iran on 19 September 1976 18. Exploitation Report - A Fragment, Metal Recovered in the Republic of the Congo 19. Navy report - Country: Cuba, Subject: UFO 20. Routing and Transmittal Slip from Louis E. Foster, DIA with a DIA summary sheet and US Defense Attache report on the sighting of a UFO in Iran on 19 September 1976 21. Department of State AIRGRAMs and Reports: • Subject: Flying Saucers Are a Myth • Subject: Tunisian Firefall • Subject: Celestial Body Observed over Antarctica • Subject: Political Report for August 1965 • Subject: Unidentified Flying Objects • Subject: Sighting of Object Possibly Originating from Space Vehicle • Subject: Unidentified Flying Objects • Subject: Unidentified Flying Objects Reported Over Angola • Subject: Report of Unidentified Object Which Fell Near Municipio of General Teran, N.L. 30. American Embassy Tunis report - Subject: Unidentified Flying Objects 31. Report from Air Force Special Security Office - Subject: (Unclassified) UFOB NEAC Area 32. General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable Steven H. Schiff, House of Representatives - Government Records - Results of a Search for Records Concerning the 1947 Crash Near Roswell, New Mexico 33. * Memorandum and Order - Citizens Against UFO Secrecy v. National Security Agency (Civil Action No. 80-1562) 34. “Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence” by Lambros D. Callimahos 35. * “UFO Hypothesis and Survival Questions” 36. * “UFO’s and the Intelligence Community Blind Spot to Surprise or Deceptive Data” 37. Memorandum for the Record - Subject: Information Request Solicitation 38. United States Air Force Fact Sheet 95-03 - “Unidentified Flying Objects and Air Force Project Blue Book” 39. Report of Air Force Research Regarding the “Roswell Incident” 40. JANAP 146 41. Key to the Extraterrestrial Messages by H. Campaigne 42. Extraterrestrial Intelligence by Howard H. Campaigne

The Blue Book: Declassified Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports and Documents Concise Reference Volume 1

Oak Hill Books

2021 NSA Cybersecurity Year in Review

Computers & Technology

Independently published

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