In Truth: A History of Lies from Ancient Rome to Modern America

From the ancient Greeks and Romans to the modern era, how have people determined what is true? The complex relationship between truth and power is the key theme in this book. Moving through major historical periods. Matthew Fraser traces the tumultuous saga of truth and falsehood from the ancient Greeks and Romans to the modern era to find distinct parallels between past and present. The book examines how notable people and events-from famous leaders such as Julius Caesar and Adolf Hitler to lesser-known figures like Procopius and Savonarola-exploited the enduring tension between truth and lies. Julius Caesar's publication of Gallic Wars was an early exercise in political spin, not unlike what we see in politics today. During the English Civil War and later in the Enlightenment, the printing press empowered a new culture of pamphleteering that challenged the status quo, just as social media networks are doing in our internet era today. In the late nineteenth century, "fake news" was already being manipulated by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck and in the "yellow journalism" promoted by American newspaper magnates William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. The author concludes optimistically, contending that-despite the manipulations of the powerful-we are debating and discussing truth more fiercely today than in any previous era. While the current crisis over truth appears to be threatening liberal democracy, our determination to arrive at the truth is a sign we are committed to reaffirming its fundamental values. Truth is remarkably resilient. Book jacket.