Organic Structural Spectroscopy

Chapter 1 Introduction1-1    The Spectroscopic Approach to Structure Determination1-2    Contributions of Different Forms of Spectroscopy1-3    The Electromagnetic Spectrum1-4    Molecular Weight and Molecular Formula1-5    Structural Isomers and StereoisomersProblemsPart I  NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPYChapter 2 Introduction2-1    Magnetic Properties of Nuclei2-2    The Chemical Shift2-3    Excitation and Relaxation2-4    Pulsed Experiments2-5    The Coupling Constant2-6    Quantification and Complex Splitting2-7    Commonly Studied Nuclides2-8    Dynamic Effects2-9    Spectra of Solids2-10    Experimental MethodsProblemsTips on Solving NMR ProblemsBibliographyChapter 3 The Chemical Shift3-1    Factors That Influence Proton Shifts3-2    Proton Chemical Shifts and Structure3-3    Medium and Isotope Effects3-4    Factors That Influence Carbon Shirts3-5    Carbon Chemical Shifts and Structure3-6    Tables of Chemical ShiftsProblemsFurther Tips on Solving NMR ProblemsBibliographyChapter 4 The Coupling Constant4-1    First-Order Spectra4-2    Chemical and Magnetic Equivalence4-3    Signs and Mechanisms4-4    Couplings over One Bond4-5    Geminal Couplings4-6    Vicinal Couplings4-7    Long-Range Couplings4-8    Spectral Analysis4-9    Second-Order Spectra4-10    Tables of Coupling ConstantsProblemsBibliographyChapter 5 Further Topics in One-Dimensional NMR5-1    Spin-Lattice and Spin-Spin Relaxation5-2    Reactions on the NMR Time Scale5-3    Multiple Resonance5-4    The Nuclear Overhauser Effect5-5    Spectral Editing5-6    Sensitivity Enhancement5-7    Carbon Connectivity5-8    Phase Cycling, Composite Pulses, and Shaped PulsesProblemsBibliographyChapter 6 Two-Dimensional NMR6-1    Proton-Proton Correlation Through Coupling6-2    Proton-Heteronucleus Correlation6-3    Proton-Proton Correlation Through Space or Chemical Exchange6-4    Carbon-Carbon Correlation6-5    Higher Dimensions6-6    Pulsed Field Gradients6-7    Summary of Two-Dimensional MethodsProblemsBibliographyPart II MASS SPECTROMETRYChapter 7 Instrumentation and Theory7-1    Introduction7-2    Ionization Methods7-3    Mass Analysis7-4    Sample PreparationChapter 8 Ion Activation and Fragmentation8-1    Basic Principles8-2    Methods and Energetics    8-3    Functional GroupsChapter 9 Structural Analysis9-1    Molecular Weights9-2    Molecular Formula9-3    Structures from Fragmentation Patterns9-4    PolymersChapter 10 Quantitative Applications10-1    Quantification of Analytes10-2    ThermochemistryPart III VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPYChapter 11 Introduction11-1    Introduction11-2    Vibrations of Molecules11-3    Infrared and Raman Spectra11-4    Units and Notation11-5    Infrared Spectra:  Dispersive and Fourier Transform11-6    Sampling Methods for Infrared Transmission Spectra11-7    Raman Spectroscopy11-8    Raman Sampling Methods11-9    Depolarization Measurements11-10    Infrared Reflection SpectroscopyProblemsBibliographyChapter 12 Group Frequencies12-1    Introduction12-2    Factors Affecting Group Frequencies12-3    Infrared Group Frequencies12-4    Raman Group Frequencies12-5    Preliminary Analysis12-6    The CH Stretching Region (3340-2700 cm-1)12-7    The Carbonyl Stretching Region (1850-1650 cm-1)12-8    Aromatic Compounds12-9    Compounds Containing Methyl Groups12-10    Compounds Containing Methylene Groups12-11    Unsaturated Compounds12-12    Compounds Containing Oxygen12-13    Compounds Containing Nitrogen12-14    Compounds Containing Phosphorus and Sulfur12-15    Heterocyclic Compounds12-16    Compounds Containing Halogens12-17    Boron, Silicon, Tin, Lead, and Mercury Compounds12-18    Isotopically Labeled Compounds12-19    Using the Literature on Vibrational SpectroscopyProblemsBibliographyPart IV ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPYChapter 13 Introduction and Experimental Methods13-1    Introduction13-2    Measurement of Ultraviolet-Visible Light Absorption13-3    Quantitative Measurements13-4    Electronic Transitions13-5    Experimental AspectsProblemsBibliographyChapter 14 Structural Analysis14-1    Isolated Chromophores14-2    Conjugated Chromophores14-3    Aromatic Compounds14-4    Important Naturally Occurring Chromophores14-5    The Woodward-Fieser Rules14-6    Steric Effects14-7    Solvent Effects and Dynamic Equilibria14-8    Hydrogen Bonding Studies14-9    Homoconjugation14-10    Charge Transfer Band14-11    Worked ProblemsProblemsBibliographyChapter 15 Integrated Problems