Maneuver and Battle in the Mexican Revolution: The Military-Agricultural Complex

By the end of 1914 the Federal Army had been destroyed and the nation was fully mobilized for war. The Revolution Triumphant failed to agree upon a national agenda at the Convention of Aguascalientes and experienced a schism along sectional lines that bore a striking resemblance to the U.S. Civil War. The industrial Northeast and maritime regions joined the Northwest to defeat a powerful military-agricultural complex. In the ensuing campaigns of 1915, Conventionists and Constitutionalists ranged far and wide, fighting battles such as Celaya, El Ébano, and Trinidad, the largest ever to occur on the North American continent outside of the U.S. Civil War. A war effort of such epic scope, scale, sophistication, and speed of operations demanded the greatest attentions of Grand Strategy, and in its wake left the Constitutionalist Army with the institutional rigor necessary for governing. Part 2 recounts the Death of Villa¿s Army of the North, and with it the last of the great Military-Agricultural Complexes of North America.