Understanding Insulin and Insulin Resistance

Understanding Insulin and Insulin Resistance is written in a simple and clear language illustrated with diagrams that show the complex interplay of various factors in the initiation of insulin resistance. The design is systematic and meticulous, portraying topics in a flow from simple to complex. This resource is intended for a broad audience spanning across biochemistry, medicine, dentistry, academia, physicians, and research scholars. It extends the approach to biochemistry, physiology, metabolism of insulin along with the coverage of pathophysiology of insulin resistance, its effects on the body tissues, and its analysis on insulin resistance syndrome. Provides exhaustive and latest knowledge related to the chronology of diabetes mellitus, different phases in the discovery of insulin, contribution of several workers in discovery of insulin, insulin structure, types of insulin, and role of latest insulin delivery devices including various transdermal insulin delivery devices and bionic pancreas in the management of diabetes mellitus Delivers extensive and current information relevant to structure of insulin gene, role of insulin gene-variable number of tandem repeats, insulin two genes versus single gene system, role of wide array of promoters, transcription factors, hormones and nutrients in the regulation of transcription of insulin gene speckled with description of dysregulation of insulin gene transcription by glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, unfolded-protein response, and activating transcription factor-6 Provides knowledge about biogenesis of insulin granules, role of SNARE proteins, SYNTAXIN, SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 in the intracellular trafficking and exocytosis of insulin granules Important component of book is the description about models of capillary blood flow in pancreatic islets, triggering pathway, amplifying pathway, role of nutrients, hormones especially Malonyl-CoA/Long chain-Acyl-CoA pathway, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin hormone, ghrelin hormone, insulinotropic and insulinostatic effects of noradrenaline, Sirtuin 1, and mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in insulin secretion Book proves knowledge about insulin mediated signaling pathways, role of glucose transporters, sodium–glucose linked transporters, and coverage of several metabolic and physiological effects of insulin including insulin mediated RANKL/RANK/OPG axis in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption Additional component of the book is the chapter on the etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance covering wide range of topics including role of genetic polymorphisms (gene FABP-1, gene FABP-2, gene APOE, A–3826G polymorphism, A–1766G polymorphism, A–112C polymorphism of UCP-1 gene, G–866A polymorphism of UCP-2 gene, Polymorphisms of the APM1 gene and other genetic polymorphisms,) role of demographic factors, role of diseases (hemochromatosis, obesity, hypertension, NAFLD, lipotoxicity, Cushing syndromes and others), role of pro-inflammatory molecules, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance Special emphasis is given to explain the implication of advanced glycation end-products in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance covering topics like pathogenesis of AGEs, dietary AGEs, their effects on the pancreas, liver, adipose tissues, relation of AGEs-CD36-insulin resistance, and special coverage of psychological stress―insulin resistance―diabetes mellitus pathology Describes insulin resistance syndrome encompassing details regarding its prevalence and components Book blends both theoretical and clinical knowledge related to insulin and insulin resistance, and insulin resistance syndrome in a single volume eliminating searches through hundreds of journal articles Present book shall certainly serve as "ONE STOP SHOP" on the insulin, insulin resistance, and insulin resistance syndrome for the benefit of students, research scholars, academicians, and clinicians