<p>The standard textbooks on aerodynamics usually omit any discussion of un steady aerodynamics or, at most, consider it only in a single chapter, based on two justifications. The first is that unsteady aerodynamics should be regarded as a specialized subject required "only" in connection with understanding and an alyzing aeroelastic phenomena such as flutter and gust response, and therefore should be dealt with in related specialist books. The second reason appears to be reluctance to discuss aerodynamics with the inclusion of the time-dependent terms in the conservation equations and the boundary conditions for fear that added complications may discourage the reader. We take the opposite view in this book and argue that a full understanding of the physics of lift generation is possible only by considering the unsteady aerody namics of the starting vortex generation process. Furthermore, certain "steady" flows are inherently unsteady in the presence of flow separation, as for example the unsteady flow caused by the Karman vortex shedding downstream of a cylin der and "static" airfoil stall which is an inherently unsteady flow phenomenon. Therefore, it stands to reason that a unified treatment of aerodynamics that yields steady-state aerodynamics as a special case offers advantages. This rea soning is strengthened by the developments in computational fluid dynamics over the past forty years, which showed that accurate steady-state solutions can be obtained efficiently by solving the unsteady flow equations.</p>

Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows

Science & Math

Cebeci, Tuncer

Platzer, Max

Chen, Hsun

Chang, Kuo-cheng

Shao, Jian P.

Astronomy & Space Science

Springer

<p>History reminds us of ancient examples of fluid dynamics applications such as the Roman baths and aqueducts that fulfilled the requirements of the engineers who built them; of ships of various types with adequate hull designs, and of wind energy systems, built long before the subject of fluid mechanics was formalized by Reynolds, Newton, Euler, Navier, Stokes, Prandtl and others. The twentieth century has witnessed many more examples of applications of fluid dynamics for the use of humanity, all designed without the use of electronic computers. They include prime movers such as internal-combustion engines, gas and steam turbines, flight vehicles, and environmental systems for pollution control and ventilation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) deals with the numerical analysis of these phenomena. Despite impressive progress in recent years, CFD remains an imperfect tool in the comparatively mature discipline of fluid dynamics, partly because electronic digital computers have been in widespread use for less than thirty years. The Navier-Stokes equations, which govern the motion of a Newtonian viscous fluid were formulated well over a century ago. The most straightforward method of attacking any fluid dynamics problem is to solve these equations for the appropriate boundary conditions. Analytical solutions are few and trivial and, even with today's supercomputers, numerically exact solution of the complete equations for the three-dimensional, time-dependent motion of turbulent flow is prohibitively expensive except for basic research studies in sim ple configurations at low Reynolds numbers. Therefore, the "straightforward" approach is still impracticable for engineering purposes.</p>

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineers: From Panel to Navier-Stokes Methods with Computer Programs

Kafyeke, Fassi

Laurendeau, Eric

Mathematics

Analysis of Low-Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows

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