To reduce the risk of climate change impacts it is necessary for the world to lower the carbon intensity of economic development. 'Low-Carbon Development for Mexico' estimates the net costs, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, and investment that would be needed to achieve a low-carbon scenario in Mexico to the year 2030.Among the key findings of the study are the following:  • Energy efficiency. Improving energy end-use efficiency in the industrial, residential, and public sectors is the least-cost option for reducing carbon emissions and can be achieved by accelerating current Mexican programs and policies. • Supply efficiency and renewable energy. Mexico can lower the carbon intensity of the economy by improving the efficiency of energy supply in the electric power and petroleum industries, and by expanding the adoption of renewable energy technologies such as wind, biomass, small hydro, and geothermal. • Public transport and vehicle fleet efficiency. Transport is the largest and fastest growing contributor of GHG emissions in Mexico, the majority of which comes from road transport. The greatest potential for reducing transport emissions lies with improving the quality and efficiency of urban transport, including more efficient vehicles and the design and organization of cities and public transport systems. • Forestry – significant potential with large co-benefits. Measures to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), along with afforestation and commercial plantations, are among the largest GHG mitigation options in Mexico, and could provide numerous social and environmental benefits in rural areas. • By undertaking a limited number of low-carbon interventions that are technologically and financially viable today, Mexico could hold carbon emissions relatively constant over the coming two decades while maintaining a vigorous rate of economic and social development. The costs of such a program would be relatively modest, but would require a range of regulatory and institutional changes to achieve, especially in the energy and transport sectors.

Low-Carbon Development for Mexico

Science & Math

Johnson, Todd M.

Romo, Zayra

Liu, Feng

Alatorre, Claudio

Earth Sciences

World Bank Publications

Africa needs power - to grow its economies and enhance the welfare of its people. Power for all is still a long distance away - two thirds of the population remains without electricity and enterprises rank electricity as a top constraint to doing business. This sub-optimal situation coexists while vast energy resources remain untapped. One solution to harness these resources could be to tap into the concept of anchor load. Mining industry lends itself to the concept of anchor load as it needs power in large quantity and reliable quality to run its processes. Underpinned by a comprehensive database of mining projects between 2000 and 2020, this report explores the potential and challenges of using mining demand for power as anchor load for national power system development and expansion of electrification. This report finds that mining demand can indeed be a game-changer - an opportunity where policymakers and international community can make a difference in tapping the enormous mineral wealth of Africa for the benefit of so many people. The utilities would benefit from having mining companies as creditworthy consumers that facilitate generation and transmission investments producing economies of scale needed for large infrastructure projects, benefiting all consumers in the system. The mines would benefit from grid supply - typically priced much lower than self-supply - which allows them to focus on their core business, greatly enhancing their competitiveness. The country would benefit from more exports and tax revenues from mines, more job opportunities in local firms selling goods and services to the mines, and a higher GDP. The report estimates that mining demand for power can triple since 2000 going upto 23 GW in 2030. While South Africa will continue to be the dominant presence in mining landscape, its importance will reduce and other countries, primarily in Southern African region, will emerge as important contributers of mining demand for power. Simulations in countries with minimal power-mining interface suggests that bringing this demand explicitly into the power planning process can ensure more investments in both grid and off-grid power systems and potentially superior service delivery outcomes for mines as well as communities. These opportunities can also be attractive investment destinations for private sector. However, there are also risks and institutional roadblocks in power-mining integration - addressing many of them and employing risk mitigation mechanism are within the control of policymakers.

The Power of the Mine: A Transformative Opportunity for Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development - Energy and Mining)

Business & Money

McMahon, Gary

ROBINSON, PETER

Ghosh Banerjee, Sudeshna

Toledano, Perrine

Pérez Arroyo, Inés

Economics

L’Afrique a besoin d’énergie― l’électricité est indispensable pour améliorer le bien-être de ses habitants et développer ses économies. Mais la capacité de production du secteur de l’électricité de l’Afrique subsaharienne est la plus faible du monde. Les deux tiers de la population de la région n’ont pas accès à l’électricité. Et ceux qui y ont accès, sont les plus faibles consommateurs du monde. Les entreprises considèrent l’instabilité de l’approvisionnement en électricité comme un obstacle majeur. Dans le même temps, de vastes ressources énergétiques restent inexploitées. Il faudrait s’appuyer sur les besoins d’électricité considérables de l’industrie minière pour développer les infrastructures énergétiques.Le potentiel transformateur de l’industrie minière : Une opportunité pour l’électrification de l’Afrique subsaharienneest la première étude qui analyse systématiquement le potentiel et les défis d’une intégration énergie/exploitation minière en Afrique subsaharienne. Les conclusions démontrent que la demande d’électricité des industries extractives peut changer la donne. Les exploitations minières consacrent souvent un quart ou plus de leurs coûts de fonctionnement à leur approvisionnement en électricité. Leur demande récurrente et conséquente d’électricité peut inciter à développer des systèmes nationaux, ouvrant la voie à l’électrification pour les habitants de la région.Les citoyens bénéficieront ainsi d’un accès sûr et suffisant à l’électricité. Les pays pourront développer leurs exportations et leurs recettes fiscales, offrir davantage d’opportunités d’affaires et d’emplois et améliorer leur PIB. Les sociétés de services d’électricité ont tout intêret à s’associer à des partenaires miniers solvables comme principaux clients et première source de revenus pouvant attirer des investissements. Et les mines profiteront des réductions des coûts significatives qu’offre un réseau d’électricité stable.Le potentiel transformateur de l’industrie minière est un ouvrage utile pour les décideurs, les chercheurs et les analystes économiques qui travaillent au développement des infrastructures énergétiques.

Le potentiel transformateur de l’industrie minière en Afrique: Une opportunité pour l'électrification de l'Afrique subsaharienne (Directions in Development - Energy and Mining) (French Edition)

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