Interpersonal violence is the third leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability among young people (those aged 10-29 years) in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. This report describes the burden that violence imposes on the Region, particularly its poorer countries and groups; risk factors and their interactions; factors that can protect young people from violence; and the evidence supporting the efficacy of preventive action. The report concludes by calling for greater investment in prevention and mainstreaming of the objective of preventing violence among young people into other areas of health and social policy.This burden of disease and death from youth violence is unequally distributed, and 9 of 10 homicide deaths in the Region occur in low- and middle-income countries. Irrespective of country income, interpersonal violence disproportionately affects young people from deprived sections of society and males, who suffer 4 of 5 homicide deaths. Many biological, social, cultural, economic and environmental factors interact to increase young people's risk of being involved in violence and knife-related crime. Factors that can protect young people against violence include good social skills, self-esteem, academic achievement, strong bonds with parents, positive peer groups, good attachment to school, community involvement and access to social support. Good evidence indicates that reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors will reduce violence. The experience accumulated by countries within and outside the Region shows that social policy and sustained and systematic approaches that address the underlying causes of violence can make European countries in the Region much safer for young people.

European Report on Preventing Violence and Knife Crime among Young People

Politics & Social Sciences

Sethi, D.

Racioppi, F.

Hughes, K.

Bellis, M.

Mitis, F.

Social Sciences

World Health Organization

This is the final report of a three-year project between WHO and the European Commission on the progress made in preventing injury and promoting safety. It resulted in the development of a database of 47 country profiles compiled through a questionnaire survey and an inventory of national policies on preventing injuries and violence.The report assesses the implementation of 99 evidence-based programs, which include not only five causes of unintentional injury and six types of violence, but also measures that alleviate socioeconomic inequalities in injuries and violence and tackle alcohol as a risk factor.Progress is analyzed in a regional overview, as well as in a subgroup of European Union countries, and shows that WHO European Regional Committee resolution EUR/RC55/R9 on the prevention of injuries and European Council Recommendation on the prevention of injury and promotion of safety have catalysed change in 75% of the countries responding. The evidence presented in this report will help to further engage the health sector and other stakeholders in a multisectoral response to prevent injuries, the third leading cause of death in Europe and a threat to economic and social development.

Preventing Injuries in Europe: From International Collaboration to Local Implementation (A EURO Publication)

Medical Books

Basic Sciences

The scientific consensus is that climate change affects health through changing weather patterns (such as more intense and frequent extreme events) and indirectly through changes in water, air, food quality and quantity, ecosystems, agriculture, livelihoods and infrastructure. The effects will be unevenly distributed, and those at greatest risk include people who are poor, very young, elderly, and/or ill. Climate change can also pose a threat to health security. Failure to respond could be very costly in terms of disease health care expenditure and lost productivity. As long as climate change is not too rapid or strong, strengthening health systems can control many of the health effects. This may include strengthening preparedness, public health services and health security, advocating action in other sectors to benefit health, better informing citizens and leading by example. Health systems need to strengthen their capacity to assess potential climate-related health effects, to review their capacities to cope, and develop and implement adaptation and mitigation strategies, and to strengthen a range of key areas of work - from disease surveillance and control to disaster risk reduction - that are essential for rapid detection of and action against climate-related risks. This publication intends to stimulate debate and support an active response by providing up-to-date information on the health effects of climate change as well as practical guidance on specific actions that decision-makers at different levels in health and other sectors can take now.

Protecting Health in Europe from Climate Change (A EURO Publication)

Business & Money

Kovats, S.

Menne, B.

Apfel, F.

Economics

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