A need exists for better models of what contributes to changes in the time that students take to complete doctorate degrees. Utilizing numerous data sources, On Time to the Doctorate presents a new model to explain changes in both total time to the doctorate and in the several components of time to the doctorate. It examines the lengthening time to the doctorate in many fields (chemistry; physics and astronomy; earth, atmospheric, and marine sciences; mathematical sciences; engineering; agricultural sciences; biological sciences; health sciences; psychology; economics; and "all other social sciences") and provides theoretical explanations for this lengthening time. This thorough and current analysis of time to the doctorate provides an up-to-date, extensive review of the literature and an exposition of data not available elsewhere. Table of ContentsFRONT MATTEREXECUTIVE SUMMARY1 WHAT HAS BEEN HAPPENING TO TIME TO THE DOCTORATE?2 MODELS OF THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT STUDENT CHOICE AND TIME TO THE DOCTORATE: A LITERATURE SURVEY3 A MODEL OF THE DETERMINANTS OF TTD4 THE RELATION BETWEEN THE FIVE VECTORS OF VARIABLES AND TTD AND ITS COMPONENTS: A COMPARISON OF ZERO-ORDER CORRELATIONS5 CHANGES IN TTD6 CHANGES IN REGISTERED TIME TO THE DOCTORATE, TIME PRIOR TO GRADUATE ENTRANCE, AND TIME NOT ENROLLED IN THE UNIVERSITY7 PAST AS PROLOGUESELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYAPPENDIXESAPPENDIX A: RELATED TABLESAPPENDIX B: LIST OF ACRONYMS

On Time to the Doctorate: A Study of the Lengthening Time to Completion for Doctorates in Science and Engineering

Science & Math

Policy and Global Affairs

Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel

National, Research Council

Science for Kids

National Academies Press

Recruitment, Retention, and Utilization of Federal Scientists and Engineers

Committee on Scientists and Engineers in the Federal Government

History & Philosophy

From time to time, it is necessary to alert the research and policy communities to opportunities for action in areas of mutual concern. One such area is the participation and utilization of women in science and engineering in the United States. This book explores the underparticipation of women in these fields and presents a strategic plan to bring qualified women into such careers as researchers, teachers, and practitioners of science and engineering. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Executive Summary</li>
<li>1. Introduction</li>
<li>2. The Science and Engineering Education Infrastructure</li>
<li>3. Effectiveness of Intervention Models</li>
<li>4. Career Patterns</li>
<li>5. Measurement for Scientific and Engineering Human Resources</li>
<li>6. Strategic Plan for Increasing the Numbers of Women in Science and Engineering</li>
<li>Bibliography</li>
<li>Related Tables</li>
<li>Technical Appendix</li>
</ul>

Women in Science and Engineering: Increasing Their Numbers in the 1990s: A Statement on Policy and Strategy

Politics & Social Sciences

Committee on Women in Science and Engineering

Social Sciences

Surprisingly little is known about the people responsible for advancing the science, technology, and application of computing systems, despite their critical roles in the U.S. economy. As a group, they can be referred to as "computing professionals." But that label masks an unusually wide range of occupations. To add to the confusion, the nature of these occupations is changing rapidly in response to dramatic advances in technology. Building from discussions at a workshop, this book explores the number, composition, demand, and supply of computing professionals in the United States. It identifies key issues and sources of data and illuminates options for improving our understanding of these important occupational groups. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryIntroductionData and Taxonomy: Computing Professionals are Hard to CountDemand Crosscurrents: Emerging and Disappearing JobsSupply: Who Enters the Profession?Training, Retraining, and More RetrainingConclusion and Next StepsAppendix A: Comparison of Data Sources and DataAppendix B: U.S. Degree Programs in ComputingAppendix C: The Demand for Human Resources and Skills in the 1990sAppendix D: Workshop Program

Computing Professionals: Changing Needs for the 1990s

Business & Money

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

Computer Science and Telecommunications Board

A Workshop Prepared by the Steering Committee on Human Resources in Computer Science and Technology

Job Hunting & Careers

This book assesses the capacity of the federal government to recruit and retain highly qualified scientists and engineers for federal service. It recommends more vigorous use of the existing Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (FEPCA), as well as changes in legislation. It discusses the variety of management structures needed to support the different missions of federal agencies and identifies where organizational responsibility for implementing changes should lie.  Table of ContentsFRONT MATTEREXECUTIVE SUMMARY1 INTRODUCTION2 THE CHANGING EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT3 COPING WITH THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM4 FEDERAL PAY REFORM5 NEXT STEPS AND RECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCESAPPENDIXES

Improving the Recruitment, Retention, and Utilization of Federal Scientists and Engineers

Research

This book, based on a conference, examines both quantitative and qualitative evidence regarding the low employment of women scientists and engineers in the industrial work force of the United States, as well as corporate responses to this underparticipation. It addresses the statistics underlying the question "Why so few?" and assesses issues related to the working environment and attrition of women professionals. Table of Contents <ul>
<li>Front Matter</li>
<li>Executive Summary</li>
<li>1 The Representation of Women Scientists and Engineers in Industry</li>
<li>2 Barriers for Women in Corporate Culture</li>
<li>3 Corporate Initiatives to Recruit and Retain Women Scientists and Engineers</li>
<li>4 Attributes and Strategies for Successful Employment in Industry</li>
<li>Conclusions</li>
<li>Appendix A: Approaching Change</li>
<li>Appendix B: Related Tables</li>
</ul>

Women Scientists and Engineers Employed in Industry: Why So Few?

This book assesses the nation's future needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists and the role the National Research Service Awards (NRSA) program can play in meeting those needs. The year 1994 marks the twentieth anniversary of the National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-348), which established the NRSA program. In its twenty years of operation, the NRSA program has made it possible for many thousands of talented individuals in the basic biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences to sharpen their research skills and to apply those skills to topics of special concern to the nation, such as aging, hypertension, the genetic basis of disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, environmental toxicology, nutrition and health, and substance abuse.

Meeting the Nation's Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists

Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel

Doctoral programs at U.S. universities play a critical role in the development of human resources both in the United States and abroad. This volume reports the results of an extensive study of U.S. research-doctorate programs in five broad fields: physical sciences and mathematics, engineering, social and behavioral sciences, biological sciences, and the humanities. Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States documents changes that have taken place in the size, structure, and quality of doctoral education since the widely used 1982 editions. This update provides selected information on nearly 4,000 doctoral programs in 41 subdisciplines at 274 doctorate-granting institutions. This volume also reports the results of the National Survey of Graduate Faculty, which polled a sample of faculty for their views on the scholarly quality of program faculty and the effectiveness of doctoral programs in preparing research scholars/scientists. This much-anticipated update of such an essential reference will be useful to education administrators, university faculty, and students seeking authoritative information on doctoral programs. Table of Contents

Research Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change

Committee for the Study of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States

There is a growing concern among educators and policymakers about the level of attrition from Ph.D. programs in the sciences and humanities at some U.S. universities. Reliable estimates of graduate student attrition are difficult to obtain, however, because most information comes from the administrative records of individual institutions. This book provides a summary of datasets that could be used to analyze patterns of graduate student attrition and degree completion nationally, along with an analysis of recent studies on the subject. Based on this information, the committee examines the feasibility of designing a system to produce national estimates of graduate student attrition.  Table of ContentsFRONT MATTEREXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONCURRENT APPROACHES TO THE MEASUREMENT OF GRADUATE ATTRITIONIDENTIFYING FACTORS THOUGHT TO CONTRIBUTE TO GRADUATE ATTRITIONCONCLUSIONANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYAPPENDIX AAPPENDIX B

The Path to the Ph.D.: Measuring Graduate Attrition in the Sciences and Humanities

Education & Teaching

Board on Higher Education and Workforce

Ad Hoc Panel on Graduate Attrition Advisory Committee

Higher & Continuing Education

The National Research Council publication Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change contains a wealth of information on 3,634 programs in 41 fields at 274 universities that participated in a comprehensive study of the research-doctorate enterprise. Behind these data is a much larger information set containing details on <ul>
<li>Over 88,000 faculty members participating in the programs.</li> <li>Approximately 1 million publication, citation, and research grant records of the faculty members.</li> <li>Individual scores on the 16,000 questionnaires for the reputational survey of faculty quality and program effectiveness.</li> <li>Data from a similar study in 1982.</li> <li>And many variables not included in the published volume. These data are now available on a CD-ROM. From the data, it is possible to analyze characteristics of the raters, reputational scores for a program under various constraints, and many other interesting aspects of the faculty, programs, and institutions in the study. 
</li> </ul>
For flexibility and convenience, data on the CD-ROM are in both ANSI, as flat files, and in SAS format. Format: ISO 9660/PC, Mac, UNIX Table of Contents

Research Doctorate Programs in the United States: Data Set (CD-ROM)

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